1/107. A case of amnestic syndrome caused by a subcortical haematoma in the right occipital lobe.A case of an amnestic syndrome caused by a subcortical haematoma in the right occipital lobe is reported. A 62-year-old right-handed man presented with a sudden onset of headache to the hospital. On admission, he had a left homonymous hemianopsia, disorientation and recent memory disturbance, but had normal remote memory and digit span. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a subcortical haematoma in the right occipital lobe. These findings suggest that the patient's amnesia was caused by a lesion of the retrosplenial region in the non-dominant hemisphere.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/107. Chronic subdural haematoma following caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Intracranial subdural haematoma is a rare complication of spinal anaesthesia. This report describes the case of a 31-year-old woman who presented with post partum headache following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Bilateral haematomata were evacuated via burr-holes performed under total intravenous anaesthesia and the patient made a complete and uneventful recovery. The recognized causes of subdural haematoma are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.279773843601keywords = subdural, subdural haematoma, haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/107. The syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.The authors report four cases of headache and other symptomatology related to the syndrome of intracranial hypotension. They were seen in a routine clinical practice over the past 3 years. The clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and follow-up of these patients are described. review of the prior literature on the topic is also included. All four patients presented with orthostatic headache syndrome. Three of the four demonstrated diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement on MRI studies. One subsequently developed a subdural effusion. One patient demonstrated downward displacement of the posterior fossa initially, which resolved on follow-up MRI scanning. Possible pathophysiologies of the syndrome are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6319094737227keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/107. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.PURPOSE: To describe a patient with classic presentation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and subsequent improvement with targeted epidural blood patch. methods: Report of one case and review of the literature. RESULTS: Examination of cerebrospinal fluid after lumbar puncture disclosed a reduced opening pressure, an increased level of protein, and lymphocytic pleocytosis. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with gadolinium showed diffuse enhancement of the pachymeninges, no evidence of leptomeningeal enhancement, and chronic subdural fluid collection. Radionuclide cisternography demonstrated reduced activity over the cerebral convexities, early accumulation of radiotracer in the urinary bladder, and direct evidence of leakage at the cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1). Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Therapy with a targeted epidural blood patch resulted in the rapid resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe a classic case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a 63-year-old man with an initial presentation of postural headaches, blurred vision, pain in the left eye, diplopia on left gaze, and neck soreness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6319094737227keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/107. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is associated with a uniquely severe headache of acute onset. Classical cases are readily identified as such, although this is not always the case. Four cases who were admitted to a district general hospital within a 3-month period are presented, because they demonstrate a variety of presentations, management options, and outcomes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1698158541779keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/107. Early rebleeding from intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: report of 20 cases and review of the literature.OBJECT: In this study the authors sought to estimate the frequency, seriousness, and delay of rebleeding in a homogeneous series of 20 patients whom they treated between May 1987 and May 1997 for arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) that were revealed by intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The natural history of intracranial dural AVFs remains obscure. In many studies attempts have been made to evaluate the risk of spontaneous hemorrhage, especially as a function of the pattern of venous drainage: a higher occurrence of bleeding was reported in AVFs with retrograde cortical venous drainage, with an overall estimated rate of 1.8% per year in the largest series in the literature. However, very few studies have been designed to establish the risk of rebleeding, an omission that the authors seek to remedy. methods: Presenting symptoms in the 20 patients (17 men and three women, mean age 54 years) were acute headache in 12 patients (60%), acute neurological deficit in eight (40%), loss of consciousness in five (25%), and generalized seizures in one (5%). Results of the clinical examination were normal in five patients and demonstrated a neurological deficit in 12 and coma in three. Computerized tomography scanning revealed intracranial bleeding in all cases (15 intraparenchymal hematomas, three subarachnoid hemorrhages, and two subdural hematomas). A diagnosis of AVF was made with the aid of angiographic studies in 19 patients, whereas it was a perioperative discovery in the remaining patient. There were 12 Type III and eight Type IV AVFs according to the revised classification of Djindjian and Merland, which meant that all AVFs in this study had retrograde cortical venous drainage. The mean duration between the first hemorrhage and treatment was 20 days. Seven patients (35%) presented with acute worsening during this delay due to radiologically proven early rebleeding. Treatment consisted of surgery alone in 10 patients, combined embolization and surgery in eight, embolization only in one, and stereotactic radiosurgery in one. Three patients died, one worsened, and in 16 (80%) neurological status improved, with 15 of 16 AVFs totally occluded on repeated angiographic studies (median follow up 10 months). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that AVFs with retrograde cortical venous drainage present a high risk of early rebleeding (35% within 2 weeks after the first hemorrhage), with graver consequences than the first hemorrhage. They therefore advocate complete and early treatment in all cases of AVF with cortical venous drainage revealed by an ICH.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6319094737227keywords = subdural (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/107. Rathke's cleft cyst with pituitary apoplexy: case report.We report a Rathke's cleft cyst which presented as pituitary apoplexy, a rare presentation. A 46-year-old woman suffered sudden headache and visual loss. T1-weighted MRI 3 weeks after this apoplectic episode demonstrated a cystic lesion between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary, with some high-signal material layering in it. The mass showed spontaneous regression on an image 3 weeks later. Trans-sphenoidal surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a Rathke's cleft cyst with a haematoma within it.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/107. Familial occurrence of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in sisters: case report and review of the literature.Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are considered to be congenital disorders. However, their familial occurrence has so far been described in only 19 families in the literature. The authors report on two cases in one family and review the literature. A 45-year-old female subject with sudden onset of headache and vomiting due to a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a small AVM in the posterior part of the corpus callosum near the midline on the left side was studied. Irradiation of the AVM using Leksell's gamma knife led to its complete obliteration. Her older sister presented with temporal seizures at the age of 49 and later also with left hemiparesis, left hemihypaesthesia and dizziness - caused by a large AVM in the right temporal lobe. This AVM was treated by a combination of embolization and irradiation by the Leksell's gamma knife.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.033963170835579keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/107. Cranial subdural haematoma associated with dural puncture in labour.A 23-yr-old primagravida sustained a dural puncture during epidural catheter insertion and developed a headache that settled with oral diclofenac and codydramol. On the third day after delivery, she convulsed twice without warning. As plasma urate was increased, the putative diagnosis of an eclamptic fit was made, and magnesium therapy was started. A contrast CT scan revealed that the cause of the patient's symptoms was a subdural haematoma with raised intracranial pressure. A coincidental arteriovenous malformation was noted. This case emphasises the need to consider the differential diagnoses of post-partum headache. The management of acute intracranial haematoma is described.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 16.094255980778keywords = subdural, subdural haematoma, haematoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/107. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage.A case is reported of a 66 year old woman presenting with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) which was caused by a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula at the C1 level. The fistula drained into the venous system of the posterior cranial fossa through a perimedullary vein. The bleeding was thought to result from venous hypertension induced by the fistula. This case may support the hypothesis that perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH can be ascribed to venous bleeding and that venous hypertension is the key to its pathology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1698158541779keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |