1/8. HIV, childbirth and suicidal behaviour: a review.women who are both pregnant and HIV positive may be at particularly high risk of suicidal behaviour. This is important in view of recent guidelines recommending routine antenatal HIV testing. We present a case and review the relevant literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. Residual risk of hiv-1 transmission: the case of a seroconverter.In the present report we describe the case of a repeat blood donor infected with hiv-1. In January 2000 the donor was found to be repeatedly reactive to HIV1/2 antibodies and hiv-1 rna screening tests. The donation was confirmed to be hiv-1 positive by Western blot. During the post-test counselling session, the donor reported a risk sexual behaviour denied during the pre-donation interview, and he recalled that in May 1998 he had undergone a check-up including the test for the detection of HIV1/2 antibodies, which was negative. This check-up was dated four months the next to the donor's previous donation in January 1998, which had been found HIV1/2 antibody negative, too. serum and plasma specimens, properly stored at -80 degrees C, were available at the hospital where the donor had undergone the HIV antibody test in May 1998. Thus, the specimens dated May 1998 and the specimen of the last donation in January 2000 were investigated again by using the most sensitive tests currently available in the setting of donation screening. On the whole, the results suggest that in May 1998 the donor was in the pre-seroconversion period for hiv-1 infection. The case reported here stresses that a residual risk for HIV transmission through blood products still relies on the possibility that an individual may be accepted as blood donor during the asymptomatic pre-seroconversion window period of hiv-1 infection. Actually, this phase of the infection cannot be detected by the routine antibody/antigen-based HIV1/2 screening tests but only by using more sensitive techniques such as genomic screening.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. Antiretroviral therapy-induced psychosis: case report and brief review of the literature.OBJECTIVE: We present a case of psychosis in an individual with known HIV infection whose symptoms developed approximately 1 month following the commencement of combination antiretroviral therapy consisting of abacavir (ABC), nevirapine and combivir. She presented with severe persecutory delusions, accompanied by mutism, posturing and catatonia. Following cessation of therapy and the introduction of a low-dose antipsychotic, her mental state resolved to a stable premorbid level, and no further disturbances of behaviour were noted. Furthermore, when re-challenged with the above combination minus ABC, there were no further episodes of psychosis. It is proposed that the aetiology of the psychosis was related to her antiretroviral therapy. methods: Cessation of antiretroviral medication and initiation of antipsychotic medication with appropriate monitoring and assessment. RESULTS: Subjective and objective improvements in psychotic symptoms and presentation. CONCLUSION: The current case suggests that sudden onset psychotic disturbances in HIV-infected individuals in the absence of other known organic or other causal factors could be related to treatment with antiretroviral therapy, and that cessation of this can markedly improve psychiatric morbidity. Furthermore, treatment with antipsychotic medication can lead to alleviation of psychotic symptoms and enable the re-introduction of antiretroviral medication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. Multiple sexually acquired diseases occurring concurrently in an HIV positive man: case report, diagnosis and management.A case of an HIV positive man with multiple sexually acquired disease occurring concurrently is described. Risk behaviours that could have predisposed him to HIV infection are discussed. The factors which might have interacted to make the sexually acquired infections severe and difficult to treat are postulated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. Transmission of HIV to heterosexual partners of infected men and women.Future heterosexual spread of HIV will in part depend on the efficiency of transmission from men to women and from women to men. We studied seventy-eight female sexual partners of men infected with HIV and 18 male sexual partners of infected women. Participants were interviewed concerning sexual practices, use of contraception and other risk factors for HIV infection. Fifteen out of 78 (19.2%) female partners and one out of eighteen (5.5%) male partners were seropositive for HIV antibody. All couples had practised vaginal intercourse. Seropositive female partners did not differ significantly from seronegative partners with regard to length of relationship, number of acts of vaginal intercourse, other sexual practices, stage of clinical disease in the index case, or numbers of other sexual partners in the last five years. In two women, seroconversion was documented after one act of unprotected sexual intercourse. The majority of infected female partners (eight out of 15) had sexual relationships with men who were asymptomatic and did not practice anal intercourse. biological factors such as variability in infectivity of the index case and susceptibility of the contact, as well as behavioural variables may be important in determining transmission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. suicide and HIV disease.It has been suggested that HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. This paper reviews the literature on suicide in patients with HIV disease and discusses methodological problems encountered in studying the incidence of suicide in this population. A snowballing method was used to identify cases of suicide in patients who were receiving treatment for HIV disease in a central london health district. The possible under detection of suicides among AIDS patients is considered. The six case reports are described to illustrate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of suicides, and they are discussed in relation to other findings on suicide in patients with HIV disease and other physical illnesses.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. Low grade gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in immunocompromised patients.An increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is seen in patients with immunodeficiency from any cause. The majority of these are high grade B-cell lymphoma and most are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In post-transplant lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disorders the tumour may regress following reduction of immuno-suppression but in AIDS the lymphomas show a characteristic aggressive course and poor prognosis. We describe low grade B-cell gastric lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in three immunocompromised patients (two post-transplant, one HIV positive). In each case, the tumour showed classical morphological features of gastric MALT lymphoma and was not associated with EBV. helicobacter pylori was identified in each case. Clinical follow-up suggests that the behaviour in these tumours is similar to that seen in MALT lymphomas in immunocompetent patients and not typical of the lymphomas usually associated with immunosuppression. Although the finding of MALT lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients might be coincidental, the association of some MALT lymphomas with autoimmune disease suggests that dysregulation of the immune system might play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumours.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. Sexual behaviour and risk assessment of HIV seroconvertors among urban male factory workers in zimbabwe.Despite extensive HIV prevention programmes and knowledge of people dying of AIDS, people in zimbabwe continue to be infected with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This paper presents selected case histories from interviews with 57 men who became HIV positive during follow up of 1678 seronegative male factory workers in Harare, and describes the circumstances in which they were exposed to infection. Youth was a major risk factor, with 47% of those who seroconverted aged between 18 and 24 yr. STIs were reported by 23% of the group in the seroconversion period, a marker of unprotected sex. Individuals did not recognise themselves or their partners as candidates for infection because of categorisation of high risk groups as "promiscuous" or clients of sex workers. Many were optimistic that they had changed sufficiently by using condoms more often or by avoiding sex workers. They made inaccurate assessments of who was safe for unprotected sex, based on judgements about their character, background and age. Over 40% of the seroconvertors had previously been counselled on staying HIV negative. Community approaches which nurture development of supportive group norms, respect for human rights and responsibilities, and safe environments for disclosure of HIV status, are vital for overcoming denial of risk at individual and societal levels. Special efforts targeted at youth are crucial since they have the highest risk of new infections and include use of media, drama, role models, advisory centres, peer education programmes. health professionals need training and skills to enable people at risk of HIV infection to devise strategies based on more realistic personal risk assessment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |