1/6. Combined transcervical transmastoid approach to giant parotid pleomorphic adenoma: a case report.Although rare, giant major salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas are among the most astonishing patient presentations. patients may ignore these slow-growing, benign lesions until significant functional impairment occurs. Complete tumor excision and facial nerve preservation in these cases are challenging requirements and are greatly aided by combined transcervical and transmastoid approaches to these lesions. In the presented case, facial nerve monitoring accurately identified the collateralization between the upper and lower divisions of the facial nerve and allowed the required sacrifice of the lower division without the need for facial nerve grafting or reconstruction. The patient recovered full function of all branches.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Cancer of the parotid gland: role of 7th nerve preservation.Most neoplasms arising in the parotid gland are benign. patients with cancer of the parotid gland usually present with normal facial nerve function. In these patients, findings at the time of surgery will guide the management of the facial nerve, with most surgeons preserving the nerve unless it is adherent to, or imbedded in, a malignant tumor. In cases where the margins of resection are close to the facial nerve, adjuvant radiotherapy administered postoperatively has significantly improved local control of disease. The minority of patients with parotid cancer who present with facial nerve palsy has a poor prognosis despite extensive surgical resection including the facial nerve.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Secondary end-to-end repair of extensive facial nerve defects: surgical technique and postoperative functional results.BACKGROUND: Repair of the transected facial nerve is imperative for restoration of muscle function, including the ability to produce appropriate facial expressions. Injury might involve the main trunk and its several branches. Restoration of function presupposes meticulous repair of all injured nerve branches. methods: Here we report three cases of secondary tension-free end-to-end coaptation of a transected trunk and branches of the facial nerve by removal of the superficial part of the parotid gland. RESULTS: Facial tone and symmetry at rest and motion were achieved. In two patients, a slight residual synkinesis is observed under stress. CONCLUSIONS: Direct end-to-end coaptation of the facial nerve and its branches by the technique described should be considered before deciding on grafts or rerouting procedures to deal with gaps of up to 15 mm. This technique is not recommended in the presence of infection and nerve defects. Intensive postoperative physiotherapy is required for optimal results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Syndromes of a complex lesion of greater and lesser superficial petrosal nerves (paradoxical facial hyperaemia, salivation, lacrimation and mucus excretion).After closed cranial trauma with paralysis of the facial nerve, a patient had a fracture into the petrosus apex with a bony bridge over the nerve, and a subdural haematoma, which were dealt with during an operation for nerve decompression. Examination of the patient 2.5 years later revealed the presence of the crocodile tears syndrome, mucus secretion and the salivary atropine paradox, i.e. severe hyperaemia of the paretic half of the face during intense salivation in response to atropine. Other patients who suffered similar trauma but had no operation demonstrated the same syndrome. The crocodile tears syndrome is considered to be a result of an ephaptic union of the central portion of the damaged lesser superficial petrosal nerve (SPN) with the peripheral portion of the greater SPN. The salivary atropine paradox is then due to the loss of the peripheral portion of the former nerve combined with denervation of the salivary parotid gland. Facial hyperaemia during intense salivation after atropine administration is explained as a result of the intensified release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the gland, stimulated by atropine, into the blood circulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. facial nerve damage in the treatment of tumours of the parotid gland.The treatment of malignant parotid gland tumours by either surgery or X-radiotherapy alone results in unacceptably high rates of local recurrence. This has led to a combined management, with radiation given either before or after surgery. In the best series this gives an 85% control rate but with severance of the facial nerve in a high proportion of cases. Fast neutron therapy was given for much more advanced tumours and gave the same control rate. Where the facial nerve had been damaged by the tumour, paralysis was lessened substantially in four of nine cases. However neutrons were the apparent course of damage to the nerve in three cases. Two of these had previously received surgery and x-ray therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland.In this retrospective study of 19 cases of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland, all 19 patients underwent primary surgery elsewhere, namely, lumpectomy in five cases and superficial parotidectomy in 14 cases. The age at which those patients with recurrence had originally been seen was significantly earlier than those seen in our series of cases of primary surgery for pleomorphic adenoma. If the primary operation had been a parotidectomy, the average time interval between the first and second operation was 7.7 years; however, if it had been a lumpectomy, it was ten months. Implantability of the tumor and inadequate surgery were reasons for tumor recurrence. The suggested treatment of recurrence is total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve. Revision surgery has been successful in all cases with no further recurrences, except in two cases in which multiple operations had already been performed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |