1/35. Use of a low nutrient culture medium for the identification of bacteria causing severe ocular infection.A low nutrient culture medium was used to identify the pathogens in four cases of persisting ocular infection. Bacto R2A agar was used in addition to conventional liquid- and solid-phase media to culture pathogenic bacteria from one case of recurrent keratitis, one case of suture-related keratitis with endophthalmitis and two eyes (two patients) with post-operative endophthalmitis. In each case, a pathogen was identified solely with R2A agar after culture for 6 days. Species isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa (one), propionibacterium acnes (two) and staphylococcus aureus (one). Antibiotic therapy was tailored to conform to the sensitivity of the cultured organism in each case. The use of Bacto R2A low nutrient agar should be considered in culture negative eyes not showing clinical improvement, or for chronic cases where bacteria may have become adapted to more stringent ocular environments.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/35. A devastating ocular pathogen: beta-streptococcus Group G.PURPOSE: To report the clinical findings, treatment, and outcomes of four cases of beta-streptococcus Group G (BHS-G) ocular infection. methods: The medical and microbiologic records of four cases of BHS-G ocular infection were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Two cases of BHS-G endophthalmitis and two cases of BHS-G keratitis were recorded. Three patients developed fulminant infection within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms. One patient's history was incomplete. One patient developed endophthalmitis from a contaminated donor button; another following cataract surgery. One developed keratitis in a keratoplasty suture tract; and another patient developed a corneal abscess after being struck with a tree branch. The patient with the contaminated donor button developed overwhelming endophthalmitis resulting in no light perception vision, severe pain, and evisceration. The postoperative cataract patient developed a purulent endophthalmitis and is still hypotonus with light perception vision. The second keratitis patient developed a significant suture abscess with marked stromal loss but eventually healed. The traumatic keratitis patient developed a large ulcer with hypopyon and descemetocele but was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a series of BHS-G ocular infections. The ocular infections were characterized by rapid onset, extreme inflammation, and--despite in vitro antibiotic sensitivity--a poor or sluggish response to antibiotic therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/35. Postoperative mycobacterium chelonae endophthalmitis after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by mycobacterium chelonae after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. DESIGN: Interventional case report. methods: The history and clinical presentation of a 66-year-old female patient, in whom a low-grade delayed-onset endophthalmitis and keratitis developed after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, is described. Microbiologic investigations of the scrapings of corneal infiltrate at the cataract incision site, aqueous humor and eviscerated material, and histopathologic study of eviscerated material and an enlarged cervical lymph node were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings in a case of low-grade delayed-onset endophthalmitis. RESULTS: Analysis of the direct smear of both the corneal infiltrate as well as the eviscerated material revealed acid-fast bacilli. M. chelonae was isolated from these specimens. Direct smear and culture of the aqueous humor were negative for bacteria (including mycobacteria) and fungus. Histopathologic examination of the eviscerated material showed a dense infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the uveal tissue, extensive necrosis and hemorrhage, and exudates with hemorrhage in the vitreous cavity. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node revealed granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, but did not reveal acid-fast bacilli. CONCLUSIONS: M. chelonae, although infrequent, should be considered an etiologic agent of delayed-onset, postoperative endophthalmitis and early bacterial diagnosis should help in institution of appropriate therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/35. Spontaneous corneal perforation and endophthalmitis in pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a ventilated patient: a case report.We report a case of Pseudomonas keratitis and endophthalmitis after inoculation from the respiratory tract in a mechanically ventilated patient. In these (semi)comatose and more vulnerable patients, colonisation of the upper respiratory tract by Pseudomonas occurs frequently, and this can lead to inoculation of the eyes. Emphasis lies on careful prevention of ocular inoculation and aggressive therapy as soon as keratitis is noticed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/35. Recurrent fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis.PURPOSE: To report a case of recurrent fungal sclerokeratitis and endophthalmitis with a very successful outcome due to aggressive combined surgical and medical therapy. To discuss the management of this potentially devastating infection. methods: A 65-year-old man presented with 6 months of left eye redness and irritation after injury from organic matter propelled from an airboat. Initially, he had been treated with foreign body removal, antibiotics, and steroids. He was diagnosed with reactive sclerokeratitis at presentation and was treated with steroids. However, when he did not improve, cultures were obtained and acremonium species filamentous fungi was identified. Despite treatment with appropriate topical and systemic antifungals, his fungal sclerokeratitis progressed to endophthalmitis. Two therapeutic penetrating keratoplasties (PKs) with iridectomy and intraocular amphotericin b were necessary to eradicate the fungal infection. RESULTS: visual acuity was restored to 20/25-3 with correction 9 months after initial presentation. There was no recurrence of fungal infection after the second therapeutic PK. CONCLUSION: The possible reasons for recurrence of fungal infection are discussed. The role of timely and aggressive medical and surgical intervention for fungal sclerokeratitis and endophthalmitis in restoring excellent vision is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/35. Treatment of postkeratitis fusarium endophthalmitis with amphotericin b lipid complex.PURPOSE: The authors report the first case of fusarium solani keratitis that progressed to fungal endophthalmitis and was successfully treated with amphotericin b lipid complex (ABLC). METHOD: The case of a 34-year-old immunocompetent woman who developed a contact lens-related F. solani keratitis requiring emergency penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) was analyzed. The immunocompetent patient developed fungal endophthalmitis (anterior chamber tap positive for F. solani three months after PKP) and was eventually treated with ABLC. RESULTS: Systemic amphotericin b (total, 0.42 g) and ketoconazole in addition to topical natamycin and amphotericin did not prove to be effective in eradicating the mycosis in the anterior chamber. Under ABLC treatment (total, 8.79 g), the anterior chamber inflammation resolved completely. No recurrence was observed during an 11-month follow-up after treatment was discontinued. CONCLUSION: ABLC proved to be effective in treating F. solani endophthalmitis. It is an important addition to the ophthalmic armamentarium, and appeared to be a better therapeutic agent than standard amphotericin b in this patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/35. Curvularia lunata endophthalmitis with secondary keratitis.PURPOSE: To report a case of pseudophakic endophthalmitis with secondary keratitis caused by Curvularia lunata. methods: A 40-year-old man presented with a fluffy mass in the anterior chamber with low-grade delayed postoperative inflammation in the right eye. RESULTS: The anterior chamber and vitreous aspirate demonstrated C. lunata. A large corneal infiltrate developed after aspiration of the mass. Treatment with systemic, topical, and intraocular antifungal agents cleared the vitreous, but the cornea perforated. CONCLUSION: Delayed low-grade infection with a fluffy mass in the anterior chamber after cataract surgery can rarely be a clinical presentation of dematiaceous fungal infection. Secondary keratitis may result after a diagnostic aspiration.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/35. Microsphaeropsis olivacea keratitis and consecutive endophthalmitis.PURPOSE: To report a case of fungal keratitis with consecutive endophthalmitis caused by Microsphaeropsis olivacea. methods: Case report. RESULTS: A 51-year-old man developed fungal keratitis and consecutive endophthalmitis after sustaining a penetrating injury to the right eye. Cultures of the aqueous humor yielded M. olivacea. infection resolved after intraocular fungal debridement, intravitreous amphotericin b, and aggressive topical natamycin and oral fluconazole. Persistent, low-grade smoldering corneal and intraocular inflammation required topical corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: M. olivacea is an exceedingly rare ocular pathogen. The intraocular portion of the infection responded quickly to intravitreal antifungal treatment; however, the course was prolonged by smoldering corneal inflammation. Prompt recognition of intraocular spread and aggressive treatment may be beneficial in fungal infections caused by unusual organisms with uncertain virulence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/35. Ocular manifestations of tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical and histopathologic findings in five cases of tuberculosis (TB) with various ocular manifestations. DESIGN: Observational case series. methods: Retrospective review of clinical findings, course, and treatment of five patients. Diagnostic techniques, including biomicroscopic, histopathologic, and molecular biologic test results, are presented. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescein angiography results. RESULTS: The ocular manifestations of TB in our patients included panophthalmitis, endophthalmitis, posterior uveitis with choroidal tubercles, keratitis, and a lid mass. mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in four cases in ocular specimens using acid-fast bacilli microscopy and in three cases by culture. Rapid diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction was obtained in one case. Extraocular foci of TB were identified in three cases with an intraocular infection at presentation. No patients had the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and none were immunocompromised. Two eyes could not be saved using antituberculous treatment because of delayed diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this age of the hiv pandemic, TB is becoming more common. Because it is curable, heightened awareness and better understanding of the disease's ocular manifestations should be of concern to all ophthalmologists.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/35. gemella haemolysans keratitis and consecutive endophthalmitis.PURPOSE: To report a case of gemella hemolysans keratitis with consecutive endophthalmitis. methods: Interventional case report. A 47-year-old woman with a history of sarcoidosis treated chronically with systemic prednisone developed bacterial keratitis and consecutive endophthalmitis in the left eye. RESULTS: Corneal, aqueous, and vitreous cultures yielded G. hemolysans. Emergent keratoplasty, pars plana vitrectomy, and injection of intravitreal antibiotics led to resolution of the infection and improved vision. Five months after surgery, the corneal graft has remained clear since cessation of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of ocular G. hemolysans infection, an uncommon gram-positive pathogen often confused with viridans-type streptococci.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = keratitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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