11/16. Herpes encephalitis during pregnancy: failure of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside to prevent neonatal herpes.A gravid woman with herpes Type II encephalitis delivered an infant with herpes neonatorum despite therapy with acyclovir. acyclovir was not measurable in the baby's serum 10 h after birth. The viral isolate was sensitive to acyclovir in vitro, and the neonatal infection responded to treatment with the drug. Prenatal antiviral therapy may be ineffective in preventing intrauterine herpesvirus infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/16. Multifocal varicella-zoster virus leukoencephalitis temporally remote from herpes zoster.Two patients with cancer, one with Hodgkin's disease and the other with a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, developed a progressive, eventually fatal infection of the central nervous system exhibiting multifocal symptoms and signs. Pathologically, gross abnormalities of the brain resembled those in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), with discrete and confluent plaque-like lesions concentrated in the white matter, particularly along the gray-white junction. Microscopically, pathological changes differed distinctly from those associated with PML; in addition to confluent foci of white matter injury characterized by early demyelination and subsequent necrosis, prominent Cowdry type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were noted in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. By electron microscopy, intranuclear spherical particles consistent in size and appearance with herpesvirus nucleocapsids were found within the lesions. Immunoperoxidase studies detected varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigens in infected cells, implicating this virus as the responsible agent despite a lapse of many months between the cutaneous herpes zoster and onset of cerebral symptoms in both patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/16. Recurrent herpes simplex encephalitis: recovery of virus after Ara-A treatment.A 54-year-old man developed clinical findings consistent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. These signs included an abrupt onset of focal central nervous system disease, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, localized electroencephalographic abnormalities, and a computerized tomographic scan showing right temporal lobe involvement. Treatment with adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) resulted in improvement. Two months later he again became confused, and a left hemiparesis developed. Although biopsy revealed extensive necrosis and inflammatory response, HSV antigens and herpesvirus particles were not detected. culture of biopsy tissue yielded HSV type 1 only after 18 days. A second course of Ara-A was administered but the patient failed to improve and died four months later. Extensive inflammatory necrosis of both temporal lobes involving gray and white matter was found. Cultures were negative for HSV. The recovery of virus from our patient during the second encephalitic episode should raise concerns regarding the efficacy of Ara-A treatment and the role of the virus in recurrent disease. In addition, the importance of maintaining biopsy tissue in culture for prolonged periods is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/16. Multicystic encephalomalacia due to fetal viral encephalitis.Two children, aged 2 weeks and 2 months, with multicystic encephalomalacia aer described. Although computerized tomography (CT) scan was used for the diagnosis, the value of the simple method of transillumination is stressed. The mother of one child had mumps with meningitis at 26 weeks' gestation. The other child had an echovirus 11 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and herpesvirus hominis (HVH) from the skin at 8 weeks. We speculate that the changes in the brains of these babies may be due to the respective viruses causing a fetal encephalitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/16. Unsuspected varicella-zoster virus encephalitis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.We report a case of progressive encephalitis caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in an adolescent with hemophilia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but without cutaneous signs of VZV infection. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated an abnormally increased periventricular signal in T2-weighted images. infection with VZV was proved by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining of brain tissue, which showed histologic evidence of herpesvirus infection. encephalitis caused by infection with VZV is a potentially treatable complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/16. Subacute leukoencephalitis caused by CNS infection with human herpesvirus-6 manifesting as acute multiple sclerosis.Several recent reports have documented the neuroinvasiveness of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in infants with primary HHV-6 infections, in children and adults with AIDS, in recipients of bone marrow transplants, and in immunologically intact adults and children. CNS infections with HHV-6 can be subacute and are frequently associated with diffuse or multifocal demyelination. We analyzed the CNS tissues of a young woman who died of a demyelinative disease, which was clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as acute multiple sclerosis, for active HHV-6 infection by immunohistochemical staining. The tissues contained a dense and disseminated active HHV-6 infection that was intimately related to the pathologic changes present.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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