1/13. Donor origin of neuroendocrine carcinoma in 2 transplant patients determined by molecular cytogenetics.Organ transplant recipients have an increased tumor incidence owing to their immunocompromised state. The origin of such tumors, whether donor or recipient, will have a clinical impact on decision-making concerning immunosuppressive therapy, retransplantation, and for recipients of other organs from the same donors. We report molecular cytogenetic determination of donor origin in 2 cases of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma developing in sex-mismatched transplant recipients (kidney and liver). fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed on liver core needle biopsy material from the liver transplant patient and on liver fine needle aspiration cytopreparations from the kidney transplant patient. The results for the liver transplant patient were confirmed with microsatellite allelic analysis and with comparative genomic hybridization. In both cases, FISH showed the presence of only X chromosomes within the tumor cells, indicating the donor origin of the neoplasms. FISH is an excellent method to determine neoplastic origin in sex-mismatched transplant patients. HUM PATHOL 31:1425-1429.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Hypercalcemic-type of small cell carcinoma of the ovary: characterization of a new tumor line.BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a mouse xenograft model for the hypercalcemic-type of small cell carcinoma of the ovary (HTSCCO). patients AND methods: Tumor fragments were removed from a patient and cultured in six subsequent generations of nude mice. Histology, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), electron microscopy and serum calcium levels were investigated. RESULTS: Morphology remained the same from the primary tumor of the patient through the 6th passage in the mouse. serum calcium levels were significantly higher in the tumor-bearing mice compared to controls. CGH of the HTSCCO did not show evidence of a close relationship to either a germ cell tumor or an epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Some evidence was provided that the HTSCCO is an inhomogeneous tumor that is neither related to a germ cell tumor nor to an epithelial ovarian cancer, but is a distinct tumor entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. Mantle cell lymphoma in lymph nodes with metastatic small cell carcinoma of lung: a diagnostic and treatment dilemma.We report a rare case of small cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, metastatic to ipsilateral hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes with synchronous mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), in a 58-year-old female. She was treated with cisplatin, etoposide, and Rituximab, and remained in complete remission for approximately two and a half years following the initial diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, synchronous SCC and MCL or SCC metastatic to lymph nodes involved by MCL has not been previously reported. In this case, the features of MCL were very inconspicuous in the lymph nodes with extensive metastases of SCC. The presence of MCL was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The co-existence of lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma in the same lymph node, as seen in this case, highlights the significance of analyzing subtle lymphoid architectural changes, and applying ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis in suspicious cases. The management of synchronous SCC and MCL requires consideration of their respective biologic behavior, and cumulative toxicity of treatment regimens of both tumors. In such cases an optimum treatment strategy should be adopted to cover both malignancies with minimal toxic effect.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. An unusual composite endometrial tumor combining papillary serous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.This is the first report in the English literature of a composite endometrial tumor composed of papillary serous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. A 79-year-old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy due to endometrial carcinoma. Grossly, the uterus was enlarged with an irregular and nodular serosal surface, thickened myometrium, and irregular endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed an endometrial carcinoma composed of papillary serous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. There was a differential immunoreactivity between the two components: the cells of the papillary serous carcinoma were positive for cytokeratin, CA-125, CEA, and HER-2/Neu, whereas these markers were negative in the small cell carcinoma. Various neuroendocrine markers were positive in the small cell carcinoma and negative in the papillary serous carcinoma. fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using 4, 8, and 10 centromeric probes revealed hyperploidy (6-8 signals) in the small cell carcinoma cells. Most of the serous carcinoma cells were euploid, with scattered trisomies and tetrasomies of these chromosomes. The patient died of progressive disease 5 months after surgery. We suggest that the small cell carcinoma may have arisen from the endometrial papillary serous carcinoma undergoing tumor progression with neuroendocrine differentiation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: adult abdominal tumors with an Ewing sarcoma gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization in paraffin sections.The differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors is exhaustive and requires ancillary studies. Relatively recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for specific gene rearrangements has gained wide acceptance. This technique is particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT). In ES/PNET, the EWS gene is juxtaposed to the FLI-1 gene in 85% of cases and to the ERG gene in another 7% of cases; the EWS gene is juxtaposed to the WTI gene in DSRCT. documentation of the EWS gene rearrangements in EWS/PNET has previously been demonstrated in frozen tissue. We report 2 unusual cases of EWS/PNET diagnosed in abdominal tumors in adults. Although the immunohistochemical results supported a diagnosis of ES/PNET, 1 case morphologically resembled DSRCT. The diagnosis in these 2 cases was confirmed by the FISH demonstration of EWS/FLI-1 gene fusion in paraffin-embedded tissue. Thus, the usefulness of FISH demonstration of an EWS gene rearrangement with these specific probes in such unusual cases is supported and is demonstrated in paraffin-embedded tissue.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the paranasal sinuses in a 57-year-old woman with 1:16 translocation.Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor. It is a rare malignancy in adults and rarely occurs in paranasal sinuses in those aged older than 50 years. This report describes a locally invasive and destructive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus of a 57-year-old woman. The small round blue cell tumors are positive for myogenin by immunohistochemistry and have a karyotype of 45, XX, -5, -13, der(16)t(1;1) (q21;q13) by cytogenetic analysis. fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a complex translocation with break apart of the FKHR region, which supports a diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. This report characterizes this tumor through microscopic and cyto-genetic analysis and emphasizes the importance of considering rhabdomyosarcoma in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors of the head and neck region in the middle-aged adults.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. calcitonin free oat-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.Two cases of primary oat-cell carcinoma of thyroid, in a 63-year-old woman and a 73-year-old man, are described. Case 1 was a compound tumour with the oat-cell component merging with a papillary component. Both tumours, in addition to histological features consistent with oat-cell carcinoma, showed immunohistochemical positivity with anti-chromagranin A and anti-synaptophysin antisera. Negative results were obtained when anti-calcitonin and anti-thyroglobulin antisera were employed. Using in situ hybridization, chromogranin a and B messenger RNAs were localized with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes. In contrast, with in situ hybridization, no localization for calcitonin messenger rna was seen using radioactive and biotinylated probes. It is concluded that these calcitonin-free, small-cell carcinomas should be considered separately from medullary thyroid carcinomas and be regarded as a distinct entity, probably the thyroid equivalent of oat-cell carcinomas of the lung.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Ectopic production of renin by ileal carcinoma.A 54-yr-old woman with the symptoms of primary reninism, i.e. hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and elevated levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, is described. She had an ileal cancer secreting active and inactive renin. The symptoms markedly improved after resection of the tumor. In the tumor active and inactive renin were proved to be present by an assay of angiotensin i formation in the presence and absence of renin antibody, and renin immunoreactivity was found immunohistochemically. The mRNA coding for the renin precursor was identified in the rna-rich extract of the tumor by blot hybridization analysis with the human renin cDNA as a probe. The mRNA from the tumor was shown to be identical in molecular size to that from the human kidney by agarose gel electrophoresis. This is the first description of an ectopic renin-producing ileal carcinoma and the first demonstration of renin mRNA in the tumor tissue.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Specific rearrangements of human papillomavirus dna provide molecular evidence for genetic heterogeneity of primary cervical cancers, recurrencies, and lymph node metastases in two patients.Two different characteristic patterns of human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 dna were found by Southern blot hybridization in four pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases in a patient with FIGO stage IIIb cervical cancer. Both patterns added up to give the HPV 16 dna pattern of the primary tumor. This strongly suggests that the tumor was composed of two distinct compartments, each spawning its own lymph node metastases. A second patient presented with a vaginal tumor 4 years after stage IIb cervical cancer had been treated with hysterectomy only. The vaginal tumor was removed and pelvic lymphadenectomy performed. Integrated HPV 16 dna was found in the vaginal tumor whereas one involved and one free lymph node contained episomal HPV 16 dna with a characteristic deletion. The apparent heterogeneity of the cancer cell population may indicate that the metastasis is not related to the vaginal tumor but that it is a late sequel of the cervical cancer. Alternatively the metastasis could have originated from an unsampled portion of the vaginal tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. A case report.A case of small cell carcinoma of the prostate reported here was studied by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic procedures. Most tumour cells were positive for argyrophil (Grimelius) stain and had dense core neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm. But immunohistochemical staining revealed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin only in a few cells, and it was still obscure what kinds of hormones were produced in this tumour. By dot blot hybridization, our case showed no amplification of myc family gene which is suggested to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in pulmonary small cell carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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