1/12. Salivary duct carcinoma of submandibular gland with trigeminal nerve invasion to intracranium.Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare and invasive malignant tumour with rapid distant metastasis and dismal prognosis. Clinically, perineural invasion of the salivary duct carcinoma is commonly noted. Here, we present a case of salivary duct carcinoma of submandibular gland origin with perineural invasion of the trigeminal nerve proximal to the intracranium, that was well demonstrated by a magnetic resonance image (MRI) and was consistent with the clinical presentation. This case received radical resection and radiotherapy with inclusion of the skull base within the field. There was no tumour recurrence and distant metastasis 24 months post-operatively.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (88). Gynaecomastia of the right breast and carcinoma of the left breast.An 83-year-old man presented with a painless lump in his left breast for one year. Mammograms showed an ill-defined uncalcified high-density subareolar mass in the left breast and minimal fibroglandular density radiating beneath the nipple into the fatty tissue of the right breast. US showed an irregular, heterogeneously-hypoechoic mass with mild posterior transmission. The differential diagnosis of breast enlargement in men is discussed. Mammographical and US features of gynaecomastia and male breast carcinoma are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Successful adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for estrogen receptor-positive metastasizing sweat gland adenocarcinoma: need for a clinical trial?We report on successful adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for a metastasizing sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the scalp in a 64-year-old woman. Before the antihormonal therapy, the patient had undergone repeated surgery for ipsilateral intraparotid, soft tissue, and lymph node metastases and had had disease-free intervals of less than 5 months. As the immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue revealed a 100% nuclear reactivity to estrogen and progesterone receptors, we started empirical tamoxifen citrate therapy, which dramatically changed the course of the disease. The patient has been in complete remission for 3 years. This is the third report in the literature of substantial therapeutic benefit of antiestrogen therapy in metastasizing eccrine gland adenocarcinoma with positive hormone receptor immunohistochemistry. We suggest examining the hormone receptor expression in these neoplasms regularly. A prospective study should be commenced to assess the benefit of adjuvant antihormonal therapy in eccrine gland adenocarcinomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. loss of heterozygosity in normal breast epithelial tissue and benign breast lesions in BRCA1/2 carriers with breast cancer.loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type BRCA1/2 allele is a reproducible event in breast tumors of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, but it is unknown if this allelic loss occurs only in association with recognizable histopathologic abnormalities. We evaluated the early genomic changes that occur in the mammary glands of patients with increased predisposition to breast cancer due to germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes. We tested the hypothesis that these genomic changes may be detected, not only in histologically abnormal and malignant breast tissues, but also in morphologically normal tissues and in areas with pathologically benign changes. Samples were obtained from five breast cancer patients: four BRCA1 carriers and one BRCA2 carrier. In each case, nontumor tissue areas surrounding the tumor or from other locations of the breast were isolated using laser capture microdissection. We evaluated 29 areas showing normal terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) or histopathologically benign changes (in particular, sclerosing adenosis), using a panel of polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite markers for the BRCA1 gene and other chromosome 17 loci, for the BRCA2 gene and other chromosome 13 loci, and for the FHIT gene on 3p14.2. overall, we analyzed a total of 105 samples of nontumor tissues; LOH was detected in 59 of the 105 (56%). In the normal TDLUs, 15 of 30 samples (50%) showed LOH; in the tissues with benign proliferative changes, such as sclerosing adenosis, 44 of 75 samples showed LOH (59%). Our results suggest that there is a field effect of early genetic events preceding morphologic changes in the mammary glands of BRCA mutation carriers.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a microglandular adenosis pattern.Invasive breast carcinomas of special type are composed of up to 35% of all cases, such as tubular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, invasive cribriform carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and other rare variants. They are recognized by their specific growth and morphologic patterns, glandular differentiation, and cytologic and nuclear features. These features are also present as a focal or minor component in many carcinomas of no special type. In addition, there are a number of lesions that are mimickers of invasive carcinoma, which can sometimes create diagnostic difficulties. It is important for pathologists to recognize these histologic variants and mimickers of breast carcinoma, particularly in evaluating needle or core biopsies. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with breast carcinoma of no special type with areas having features with resemblance to microglandular adenosis. Differential diagnosis and their histologic features are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Panhypopituitarism in a patient with breast cancer.BACKGROUND: Malaise and fatigue are common symptoms of advanced malignant disease. Nevertheless, a specific cause--requiring specified treatment--for this symptom should be ruled out. We report on a patient with a complex endocrine dysfunction that developed due to a tiny metastasis of a breast carcinoma in the pituitary stalk. CASE REPORT: A 46- year-old woman presented with general ill feeling 3 years after operation for a breast carcinoma. She was diagnosed to have hepatic and peritoneal metastases and malignant pleural effusion. For the application of chemotherapy, an i.v.-port system in the right brachiocephalic vein was inserted. In the postoperative period, an emergency situation developed due to demasked cortisol deficiency and hypernatremia. Careful laboratory investigations revealed hypofunction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and diabetes insipidus centralis. By MRI imaging of the parasellar region, a 4 x 5 mm metastatic lesion in the pituitary stalk was found--notable only in knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. The patient's condition and quality of life improved markedly with hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Metastatic cancer may present as endocrine disease, either by release of hormone-like substances or by tumorous destruction of endocrine structures. Metastases of solid tumors to the pituitary gland are often asymptomatic or present with diabetes insipidus. The presentation with a hypofunction of the anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is a rare event. It is recommended to consider endocrine dysfunction as potential cause of 'malaise' in a cancer patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma.The so-called sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma (SSDC) is one of the variants of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). This neoplasm is characterized by the presence of both a carcinomatous and a sarcomatoid tumor component. The histology and nomenclature of such neoplasms has been a matter of debate for many years. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings including those of 4 previously described cases of SSDC are defined and the different attitudes concerning their etiology will be discussed. In addition, the fine-needle aspiration biopsy of such a case is presented for the first time. In analogy to typical SDC there seems to be a predilection for elderly men and a location in major salivary glands. The resected SSDC tumors measured between 1.5 and 3.5 cm. Histologically, each case was a composite of SDC and sarcomatoid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical positivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2) was shown in the sarcomatoid tumor component. The important cytomorphologic feature of SSDC is the presence of cohesive clusters and flat sheets of cells with a cribriform pattern, in combination with an atypical spindle cell component. The use of the term SSDC seems more appropriate than the term carcinosarcoma , as the immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and recent molecular findings in this and other biphasic neoplasms imply a monoclonal origin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. A case of primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: histopathological and immunohistochemical study.We encountered primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a 67-year-old Japanese man. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases of primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland have been reported in the literature. The patient was admitted because of visual disturbance, and a mass measuring about 3 cm in diameter was revealed in the right orbit. The mass was resected, and primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland was diagnosed histopathologically. He died from recurrence at the primary site and metastasis to the brain, lungs, liver, common bile duct, and pancreas 2 years and 10 months after surgery although adjunctive orbital radiotherapy was given. Immunohistochemically, the characteristics of cancer cells were similar to those of salivary duct carcinoma, namely positivity for cytokeratin (CK) 7, 10, 17, 18, 19, and 34betaE12, and negativity for CK20. It was not clear whether the ductal adenocarcinoma originated from the ductal or acinar epithelium of the lacrimal gland, because the immunohistochemical features of both epithelia were identical.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. Tumor-like manifestation of endosalpingiosis in uterus: a case report.We report on a 50-year-old female patient affected by breast cancer and a tumorous lesion located in the subserosal and intramural part of the uterine fundus. It consisted of glandular and cystic forms lined with epithelium of the tubal type. We describe the clinical, macroscopic, and histological features of this rare non-neoplastic lesion, classified as florid endosalpingiosis (ES) and belonging to the spectrum of Mullerian lesions. The discussion focuses on its morphological characteristics, the differential diagnosis, and the potential reasons leading to its origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth case of florid ES of uterus reported in the English literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland.OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a 59-year-old man with a right lacrimal gland mass, subsequently diagnosed as primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. DESIGN: Interventional case report. methods: We report the clinical presentation, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and treatment of a patient with primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The current literature regarding this uncommon neoplasm also is reviewed. RESULTS: Excisional biopsy revealed primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The patient subsequently underwent extensive local resection of the tumor and is awaiting radiotherapy to the orbit and neck. A literature search revealed only 3 prior reports of primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland displays characteristic histologic and immunohistochemical findings that allow its distinction from the other primary lacrimal gland adenocarcinomas. awareness and recognition of this rare malignancy may aid in further delineation of its biologic behavior, management, and prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.2keywords = gland (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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