1/13. breast cancer detection using magnetic resonance imaging in breasts injected with liquid silicone.Two patients who had received silicone injections in their breasts several years ago presented with breast complaints. Excluding cancer in these patients was very difficult. Mammograms were very difficult to interpret, as were the physical findings. Carcinoma was successfully detected by magnetic resonance imaging. When women who underwent the injudicious injection of silicone reach the cancer-prone age, the examining physicians should have a greater awareness of the detection and management of carcinoma coexistent with silicone mastopathy. We think that MRI is potentially valuable in the evaluation of the breast lesions; it plays an important role in the detection of breast cancer in breasts augmented with liquid silicone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Carcinomatous meningitis in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.Metastases are defined as the appearance of neoplasms in parts of the body remote from the site of the primary tumor. Metastasis can occur through one of three processes: direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces, lymphatic spread, and hematogenous spread. The importance of laboratory utilization in the diagnosis of metastasis is explored using a case study of a 39-year-old female with metastatic breast carcinoma to the brain. This case study was carried out using clinical records, laboratory results, pathology reports, and physician interviews. cerebrospinal fluid was obtained and examined in hematology, chemistry, and microbiology. Tissue from the breast was examined both before and after chemotherapy. Morphologic comparisons of both primary and metastatic tumor cells were carried out. The breast tissue showed infiltrating mammary carcinoma, ductal type, with 8/11 auxiliary lymph nodes showing metastasis. Evaluations of cerebrospinal fluid cell count results revealed the presence of malignant cells in remarkable numbers. Based on cytological and hematological results, a diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis was determined and treatment was started. Following the intrathecal chemotherapy, serial cerebrospinal fluid examinations showed the percentage of malignant cells decreased and no cells were detected 11 days after treatment. Metastasis, including meningeal carcinomatosis is a common occurrence with breast carcinoma. An effective chemotherapeutic treatment is evaluated for this disease when an accurate diagnosis is made. As demonstrated by this case study, proper use of the laboratory can help establish the diagnosis of metastasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. diffusion-weighted MR imaging of Carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy.Carmofur (1-hexylcarbamyl-5-fluorouracil), a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been widely used in japan as a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy agent for colorectal and breast cancer. Periventricular hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images in carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy confront the physician with a broad range of differential diagnoses. We describe two cases of carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy in which diffusion-weighted MR imaging revealed periventricular hyperintensity. We compared their findings with those of age-related periventricular hyperintensity in five patients and found discrepancies in signal intensity of periventricular areas. Our results suggest that diffusion-weighted MR imaging may be useful to differentiate carmofur-induced leukoencephalopathy from age-related periventricular hyperintensity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Ocular metastases from breast cancer.breast cancer is the most common cancer to metastasize to the eye. This is thought to be a rare occurrence but may be more common than thought. Two cases with eye metastases from breast cancer are presented to acquaint physicians with this entity. Other tumors that metastasize to the eye, the anatomic location of metastases in the eye, and the evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer metastatic to the eye are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Interactive detection and visualization of breast lesions from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI volumes.mammography is currently regarded as the most effective and widely used method for early detection of breast cancer, but recently its sensitivity in certain high risk cases has been less than desired. The use of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has gained considerable attention in the past 10 years, especially for high risk cases, for smaller multi-focal lesions, or very sparsely distributed lesions. In this work, we present an interactive visualization system to identify, process, visualize and quantify lesions from DCE-MRI volumes. Our approach has the following key features: (1) we determine a confidence measure for each voxel, representing the probability that the voxel is part of the tumor, using a rough goodness-of-fit for the shape of the intensity-time curves, (2) our system takes advantage of low-cost, readily available 3D texture mapping hardware to produce both 2D and 3D visualizations of the segmented MRI volume in near real-time, enabling improved spatial perception of the tumor location, shape, size, distribution, and other characteristics useful in staging and treatment courses, and (3) our system permits interactive manipulation of the signal-time curves, adapts to different tumor types and morphology, thus making it a powerful tool for radiologists/physicians to rapidly assess probable malignant volumes. We illustrate the application of our system with four case studies: invasive ductal cancer, benign fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. Primary carcinoma of ectopic axillary breast tissue.The presence of ectopic breast tissue is reported in 2-6% of the general population with most cases being located in the axillary region. Although the same pathology occurs in both eutopic and ectopic breast tissue, primary carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue has been reported only in a small number of cases. Because an overlying accessory areola or nipple is often missing and because of a general lack of awareness among physicians and patients concerning these unsuspicious nodules, clinical diagnosis is frequently delayed. Histological diagnosis can also be delayed if ectopic breast tissue is not present or screened for in the biopsy specimens as apocrine glands of the breast and skin, respectively, exhibit striking similarities and immunohistochemistry is of limited help. Diagnostic delay is demonstrated by the case of a 56-year-old patient who underwent a series of four surgical excisions of a primary ectopic breast carcinoma and developed local lymph node metastasis until treatment with tamoxifen was started. As two-thirds of reported cases of primary ectopic breast carcinoma arose within the axillae, this case underlines the importance of a search for ectopic breast tissue in the context of axillary ductal carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. Repeat operative sentinel lymph node biopsy.Because sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy continues to be used for staging in patients with breast cancer, physicians treating these patients will be faced with in-breast recurrences and new primary breast cancers in the treated breast. Repeat operative SLN biopsy might be feasible in this clinical scenario. This report describes the case of a patient with an ipsilateral different-site, recurrent, infiltrating ductal carcinoma 14 months after lumpectomy; negative SLN biopsy result; and radiation therapy, now with a positive SLN biopsy result.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. pregnancy after breast cancer: a case study resolving the reproductive challenge with a gestational surrogate.pregnancy and fertility issues are substantial concerns for the young breast cancer survivor, yet the available literature is hampered by a lack of prospective clinical studies and meaningful long-term outcome data. A lack of reliable information often leads to physician discomfort and patients may be left to navigate the world of fertility preservation and reproductive technology on their own. This case exemplifies some of the many issues that breast cancer survivors may face and adds another dimension to the survivor's dilemma; once fertility options have been preserved, what is the best method to sustain the pregnancy--self or surrogate? For many, the goal of balancing optimal treatment and long-term survival with restoration of a complete quality of life, including childbearing, may be attainable. This discussion highlights the importance of offering young breast cancer patients an opportunity to discuss these issues with their health care providers prior to initiating therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Male breast cancer: three case reports and review of the literature.Carcinoma of the breast occurs so infrequently in men that it is not at al well known either to patients or physicians. The causes of breast cancer in men are unknown. The most common clinical manifestation of breast cancer in men is a painless, firm subareolar mass or a mass in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. diagnosis can be confirmed by fine-needle aspiration or surgical biopsy. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the predominant histologic type. After primary surgical treatment, men with axillary lymph node metastasis should receive adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. The use of radiation therapy for local control of the disease is recommended if there is invasion of the chest wall. Because most men with carcinoma of the breast have estrogen and progesterone-receptor positive tumors, breast cancer in men is likely to respond to hormonal manipulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Bilateral breast carcinoma after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease.The success of modern cancer therapy is resulting in an increasing number of long-term cures. The price of success, however, is the incidence of treatment-related morbidity and mortality. The physician should be aware of the potential sequelae of cancer therapy. A case of bilateral breast cancer occurring 13 years after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease prompted me to examine the incidence of this problem and to make recommendations for surveillance of patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physician (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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