1/18. Pilocytic astrocytoma arising from an area of nodular heterotopia located in the white matter of the temporal lobe: case report.A 16-year-old girl suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy presented with a pilocytic astrocytoma, which occurred in an area of nodular heterotopia located in the white matter of the temporal lobe. The pilocytic astrocytoma appeared to be covered by an area of gliosis, which contained numerous Rosenthal fibers, while in the lesion the pilocytic astrocytoma occupied a small area. The gliosis eventually became a tumor-like lesion. The white matter around the mass was composed of gliosis with nodular heterotopia. Temporal developmental malformation, which was a basic lesion of the patient, might therefore be a precursor lesion of pilocytic astrocytomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = suffering (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: clinical and neuroimaging features of four cases.The clinical history, neuroimaging features, treatments, and outcome of 4 patients with histologically verified subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) were retrospectively reviewed. The average age at the time of surgery was 13.3 years. headache related to raised intracranial pressure was the first and only sign in 2 patients, with the remaining 2 being admitted because of sequential neuroimaging studies over several years revealing the growth of 'subependymal nodules' into intraventricular tumours. In each case the tumour was in the region of Monro's foramen and was associated with ventricular dilatation. On computed tomography (CT), multiple subependymal nodules were found in 3 patients, and these well circumscribed isodense SEGAs were markedly enhanced by contrast medium. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was obtained in 3 patients, 2 SEGAs were isointense with the cerebral cortex and one with the white matter on T1-weighted images, and on T2-weighted images, 2 were isointense with the cortex and one with the white matter. At surgery the tumours appeared to originate from the inferolateral wall of the lateral ventricle in the region of the head of the caudate nuclei. Total macroscopic removal was achieved in 3 patients, and subtotal removal in one patient. Follow up ranged from 4.6 to 13.2 years, and all patients have exhibited similar physical and mental conditions to preoperative. So far there has been no evidence of any recurrences. The diagnosis and the surgical indications for SEGA are discussed, with periodic monitoring with neuroimaging studies being recommended even for asymptomatic patients with 'subependymal nodules'.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. brain tumors simulating purulent meningitis.Three cases of primary brain tumors simulating purulent meningitis have been described. Two patients were infants suffering from ependymoma of the posterior fossa, while the third was a 35-year-old man with astrocytoma of the temporal lobe. All cases were characterized by acute onset with fever, signs of meningeal irritation without any other neurological signs, and marked CSF pleocytosis. The diagnosis in 2 cases was made only at necropsy, and the third case was correctly diagnosed only after a delay. The possible occurrence of brain tumor and meningitis simultaneously was considered and seemed unlikely in our cases. A possible explanation for the clinical and CSF findings was irritation of the leptomeninges by the tumor and its breakdown products.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = suffering (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. Holocord astrocytoma--case report.A rare case of intramedullary holocord astrocytoma extending from the medulla oblongata to the conus medullaris is reported. A 27-year-old male who had been suffering from nuchalgia for a few years was admitted to our department because of lumbago and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed sensory disturbances in various locations, weakness of the right lower extremity, mild swallowing disturbance, and bowel and bladder difficulties. Magnetic resonance (MR) images and myelograms showed a long cystic lesion extending from the medulla oblongata to the thoracolumbar spinal cord. gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced images detected a solid tumor located at the Th6-7 level. Two syrinx-subarachnoid shunts were placed at the upper cervical and Th12 levels. The solid neoplasm at the Th7 level was partially resected and histologically diagnosed as astrocytoma. Differentiation between cystic lesions and solid masses in the spinal cord is difficult. The usefulness of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the diagnosis of holocord tumor and the pathogenesis of secondary syringomyelia are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = suffering (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. quadriplegia after chiropractic manipulation in an infant with congenital torticollis caused by a spinal cord astrocytoma.An infant with congenital torticollis underwent chiropractic manipulation, and within a few hours had respiratory insufficiency, seizures, and quadriplegia. A holocord astrocytoma, with extensive acute necrosis believed to be a result of the neck manipulation, was found and resected. We believe that every child with torticollis, regardless of age, should undergo neurologic and radiologic evaluation before any form of physical treatment is instituted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. Solitary retinal astrocytoma.Astrocytic hamartomas are typically white, well-circumscribed, elevated lesions arising in single or multiple areas of the retina and epi- or peripapillary optic nerve. These lesions are most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis and less commonly associated with neurofibromatosis. However, solitary retinal or optic nerve astrocytomas can be found in normal individuals. This paper reviews the case of a 48-year-old white female who presented with a solitary retinal astrocytoma of the right eye, without any other physical or ocular disorder. The histopathological and clinical appearance and course of astrocytomas, its differential diagnosis from other retinal and optic nerve lesions, and its association with tuberous sclerosis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. Quadrantic visual field defects. A hallmark of lesions in extrastriate (V2/V3) cortex.We report 2 patients with homonymous quadrantic visual field defects. The first patient experienced scintillations in the left lower quadrant, leading to the discovery of an astrocytoma in the cuneus of the right occipital lobe. Postoperatively she had a left lower quadrantanopia that precisely respected the horizontal meridian. The second patient presented with a left lower quadrantanopia, sparing the central 10 degrees of vision that also respected the horizontal meridian. An astrocytoma was resected from the right upper peristriate cortex. We must explain how a lesion in extrastriate cortex produced a homonymous field defect with a sharp horizontal edge in these 2 patients. Areas V2 and V3 are each divided along the horizontal meridian into separate halves flanking striate cortex. Consequently, the upper and lower quadrants in extrastriate cortex are physically isolated on opposite sides of striate cortex. We propose that a lesion involving V2/V3 may be sufficient to create a visual field defect. Although the lesion may have irregular margins, if it crosses the representation of the horizontal meridian in extrastriate cortex, it will produce a quadrantic visual field defect with a sharp horizontal border because of the split layout of the upper and lower quadrants in V2/V3.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. Interstitial irradiation therapy of supratentorial gliomas by stereotaxic technique. Long term results.We report the long term results of interstitial irradiation therapy in patients suffering from malignant supratentorial gliomas. The radioisotopes implanted by stereotaxic technique were Au198 grains in solid tumors and Y90 colloidal solution in a cystic tumor. The therapy was always well tolerated. Minimum survival time after implantation was 9 months, maximum exceeded 52 months. In all cases interstitial irradiation therapy solved or drastically diminished the severe secondary epilepsy from which all the patients suffered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = suffering (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. Pyriformis syndrome in a 10-year-old boy as a complication of operation with the patient in the sitting position.We present a case of sciatic neuropathy due to the pyriformis syndrome after operation in the sitting position. Neither sciatic nerve injury nor the pyriformis syndrome has been reported after operation in the sitting position, although a low incidence of common peroneal nerve injury has been reported as a complication of operation on patients who are in the sitting position. The clinical findings of sciatic neuropathy, external rotation of the ipsilateral foot in the position of comfort, and a therapeutic response to local anesthetic injection into the pyriformis muscle are diagnostic of the syndrome. Nerve conduction studies should be performed to aid in the differentiation between a common peroneal and sciatic neuropathy. The syndrome may occur because of extreme flexion of the hips and prolonged pressure while in the sitting position, leading to pyriformis muscle trauma, resultant spasm, and sciatic compression. The prognosis is for complete recovery after symptomatic treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication and physical therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. Acute presentation of memory loss and emotional lability.A 35-year-old woman presented complaining of memory loss and increased emotional lability. On physical examination she was noted to be poorly oriented, have profound recent and remote memory defects, and to have mild but significant lateralizing signs. Inpatient work-up included EEG, computed tomography scan, and cerebral angiography, culminating with a brain biopsy that revealed a Grade IV left temporal astrocytoma. The patient was discharged and received outpatient radiotherapy before dying 12 weeks after presentation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.20056586504594keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |