1/47. autoantibodies to gastrin in patients with pernicious anaemia--a novel antibody.autoantibodies arise when there is a breakdown in immunological tolerance. autoantibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor are found in autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) and are associated with elevated plasma gastrin. Endogenous gastrin autoantibodies have not been described to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of autoantibodies to gastrin. plasma from 50,000 patients, including more than 2000 with AAG, was tested. Gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in whole plasma and the presence of autoantibody determined by using a control which omitted assay antibody. The quantity and affinity of gastrin autoantibodies was assessed. Three patients had autoantibodies to gastrin. All three had AAG and pernicious anaemia (PA). The antibodies were of low titre and relatively high affinity. Free circulating plasma gastrin levels were within the normal range, but total gastrin levels were elevated. This is the first description of autoantibodies to endogenous gastrin. The incidence of antibodies to gastrin is low, they are found in association with PA, and they may lead to falsely low measurements of plasma gastrin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/47. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome associated with pernicious anaemia.AIM: To determine whether there is an association between pernicious anaemia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. methods: Fifteen patients with pernicious anaemia and 11 patients with iron deficiency anaemia (controls) were evaluated for clinical parameters of thrombosis and/or the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear antibodies or lupus anticoagulant. RESULTS: One asymptomatic patient with pernicious anaemia had laboratory features suggestive of the antiphospholipid syndrome. An additional three patients in each group had slightly elevated antiphospholipid antibody concentrations, within one standard deviation of the normal range. CONCLUSION: The association between pernicious anaemia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is rare and evaluation should be guided by clinical indications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/47. Subcutaneous sarcoidosis associated with vitiligo, pernicious anaemia and autoimmune thyroiditis.We report a patient with pernicious anaemia, primary autoimmune hypothyroidism and vitiligo, who presented with subcutaneous nodules. Histopathology of the nodules revealed noncaseating granulomas, consistent with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Mild pulmonary sarcoid was also detected. Although an association between sarcoidosis and other autoimmune diseases is well-recognized, the presence of the particular autoimmune diseases in our patient and the involvement of subcutaneous fat in the sarcoidal inflammation, appears to represent a most unusual clinicopathological combination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/47. Relationship between pernicious anaemia and gastric neuroendocrine cell disorders.The incidence of gastric carcinoid tumours is increasing. This rise is probably due to the number of gastroscopies and improved histological techniques. The majority (65%) of these gastric tumours is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anaemia. In this article two patients are presented, one with pernicious anaemia and gastric neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and one with pernicious anaemia and multiple gastric carcinoids. These neuroendocrine cell disorders have a relatively favourable prognosis. Therefore, a wait-and-see policy was preferred. The pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of these different neuroendocrine cell manifestations are discussed. We recommend performing a gastroscopy at the time of diagnosis for young patients with pernicious anaemia, and whenever abdominal problems, unexplained weight loss or aggravation of the anaemia arise.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/47. Pernicious anaemia and neurophysiological studies in arabs.While pernicious anaemia is a disease predominantly affecting people of north European descent, there is increasing awareness of its occurrence in other ethnic populations. We document herein details of six arabs who had pernicious anaemia and significant neurophysiological abnormalities. All the patients made a complete haematological and symptomatic recovery following parenteral administration of hydroxycobalamin. The diagnosis of pernicious anaemia should be considered in Arab patients of all ages who have macrocytic anaemia, or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. We caution against the empirical use of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the management of patients with chronic anaemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/47. prevalence of pernicious anaemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease.AIMS: To determine the prevalence of pernicious anaemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease. methods: A randomly selected asymptomatic group of 63 patients with Type 1 diabetes who also had autoimmune thyroid disease was studied. blood samples were taken and assayed for serum B12. Those subjects with serum B12 concentrations below the reference range had a further blood sample taken for determination of intrinsic factor antibody. RESULTS: One patient had been diagnosed previously to have pernicious anaemia. Three patients had low serum B12 concentration and positive intrinsic factor antibody, confirming the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia. The prevalence of pernicious anaemia in this population with Type 1 diabetes and concomitant autoimmune thyroid disease was 6.3%. In female patients the prevalence of pernicious anaemia was 8.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who have both Type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease are at risk of developing pernicious anaemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/47. Excellent effect of steroid plus azathioprine in a young woman with pernicious anaemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.We describe a 29-year-old woman who developed pernicious anaemia 2 years after the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. This is a rare association despite the relationship between the autoimmune aetiologies of these two conditions. Seven other cases have been described, but our report demonstrates a case with an excellent response to steroid and azathioprine.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/47. Pernicious anaemia with hypogamma-globulinaemia. A case report.Auto-immune mechanisms are important in the evolution of pernicious anaemia, but cannot be demonstrated in all cases. Cell-mediated immunity is involved in the pathogenesis, and explains the occurrence of pernicious anaemia in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The pernicious anaemia seen in these patients differs in some respects from the classical form of the disease. The case history of a patient with pernicious anaemia and hypogammaglobulinaemia is presented, and the possible pathological mechanisms are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/47. Idiopathic heart block: association with vitiligo, thyroid disease, pernicious anaemia, and diabetes mellitus.Out of 100 patients with chronic heart block 16 had one or more autoimmune disorders-namely, vitiligo (5,) hypothyroidism (4), Graves's disease (1), pernicious anaemia (2), and diabetes mellitus (9). All these disorders occurred with greater frequency than normal and were more prevalent than in a group of hospital inpatients of comparable age. autoantibodies were not increased. We suggest that among patients with idiopathic heart block there is a subgroup with multiple autoimmune disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/47. subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and air encephalography.subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is a rare complication of vitamin B12 deficiency and is seldom encountered today. A case of Addisonian pernicious anaemia is reported in which the classical signs of subacute combined degeneration developed suddenly after air encephalography had been performed. The patient made a complete recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = anaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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