1/5. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male urethra.We present a rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male urethra. These tumors are usually presented with hematuria, obstructive voiding symptoms or urinary retention. Histologically, they display tubulocystic, tubular, papillary or diffuse patterns with clear and hobnail cells. The present case of this rare disease emphasizes the aggressive nature of urethral clear cell adenocarcinoma in males.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Cystic nephroma in adults. A report of two cases and review of the literature.We present two cases of cystic nephroma in a 55-year old and a 61-year old women. In both patients the results of ultrasound and clinical examinations were not characteristic enough to establish the precise preoperative diagnosis. Due to the age of the patients and the location of the lesions, possibility of clear cell carcinoma with cystic changes was considered. However, microscopic examination of postoperative specimens revealed benign nature of the tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Not all ovarian cysts in young woman are benign: a case series and review of the management of complex adnexal masses in young women.While ovarian cancer is a disease that predominately affects postmenopausal women, up to 13% of affected patients are indeed less than 45 years of age. The diagnosis is often delayed because of the non-specific nature of symptoms and a lack of specific and accurate diagnostic tests, that is, CA125 and ultrasound. In premenopausal women these issues are compounded, further reducing the likelihood of an accurate and early diagnosis. It is important for gynaecologists to have a high index of suspicion and appropriately investigate symptomatic patients and interpret test results critically. Not all ovarian cysts in young women are benign, and a low threshold for surgical evaluation is warranted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Cytology of glycogen-rich (clear cell) carcinoma of the breast. A report of two cases.BACKGROUND: glycogen-rich (clear cell) carcinoma of the breast is an unusual variant of breast carcinoma that has been described only recently. CASES: We report two cases of glycogen-rich carcinoma with the corresponding fine needle aspiration findings. Cytologically, the presence of a delicate/foamy to clear cytoplasm was the only feature identified to distinguish these tumors from the more common infiltrating duct carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Cytologically, the characteristics were not distinctive enough to predict the clear cell nature of the tumor histology. Other breast carcinomas that show optically clear cytoplasm include lipid-rich, secretory, histiocytoid and signet-ring carcinoma. Some cytologic features distinguish them from glycogen-rich carcinoma. Clinical correlation would be required to exclude metastatic clear cell carcinoma from such primaries as the kidney.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Metastatic intestinal carcinomas simulating primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma and secretory endometrioid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases.Five cases of ovarian metastases of intestinal adenocarcinomas that suggested the diagnosis of clear cell adenocarcinoma or the secretory variant of endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary are reported. Patient age ranged from 27 to 71 years at the time of diagnosis of the ovarian neoplasms. In four, the ovarian and intestinal tumors were discovered synchronously, and, in the fifth, the ovarian metastasis occurred 1 year after the intestinal primary was diagnosed. The ovarian tumors were unilateral in three patients and bilateral in two. They were up to 18 cm (mean, 12 cm) in maximum dimension and were characterized on microscopic evaluation by glands and cysts lined by cells whose most striking feature was abundant clear cytoplasm. In two cases, striking subnuclear or supranuclear vacuoles were present. An important clue to the diagnosis of metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma was the presence in all cases of "dirty necrosis." The metastatic nature of the ovarian tumors was supported by the immunohistochemical findings. All tumors stained were strongly positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 20 and failed to stain for CA125, whereas staining for HAM56 and cytokeratin 7 was absent or only focally positive in one case each. Three intestinal primary tumors involved the small bowel. Microscopic evaluation of the intestinal tumors in three cases and metastases in a fourth, in which the intestinal primary was not resected, showed the features of the uncommon clear cell variant of intestinal adenocarcinoma; the fifth was predominantly a conventional intestinal adenocarcinoma with only a focal clear cell component. Although intestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic in the ovary typically simulate endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the usual type or mucinous adenocarcinoma, they may mimic either primary clear cell adenocarcinoma or the secretory variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, particularly when the primary tumor is, even focally, the clear cell variant of intestinal adenocarcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nature (Clic here for more details about this article) |