An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; brain diseases, metabolic, inborn; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; tuberous sclerosis; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of child neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)


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