1/76. multiple sclerosis with extensive lesions left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction and retrobulbar neuritis.multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually diagnosed on the basis of the typical clinical course, with remission and exacerbation in multiple parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a large contribution to the diagnosis of patients with MS. But it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to clinical variability of the disease and variable MRI findings. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who developed progressive left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction, and had extensive bilateral cerebral white matter lesions diagnosed by brain MRI. Complete recovery from the left hemiplegia followed the use of corticosteroid, and her brain MRI findings also improved after medication. Early in the clinical course it was difficult to differentiate between multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. After recovery from the first episode of left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction, she developed acute visual disturbance five months after her first admission. Readmission followed and her retrobulbar neuritis was successfully treated by methylpredonisolone pulse therapy. In summary, she experienced two episodes of neurological deficit, had left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction associated with multiple lesions in bilateral cerebral white matter in brain MRI, and the left retrobulbar neuritis with delay of P100 by visual evoked potential study. Due to these two episodes we concluded that she had multiple sclerosis. Though the initial diagnosis was difficult, prompt treatment and close follow-up was important, since multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS can both recur.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/76. Isolated central nervous system vasculitis associated with hepatitis c infection.Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis c has been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of diseases previously believed to be primary or idiopathic. We report 2 rarely seen cases of isolated central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis in patients with hepatitis c infection. Patient 1. A 43-year-old man with 4 day right temporal headache developed a left hemiparesis. Weakness was his only physical finding. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large right frontotemporal hemorrhage, and angiography revealed focal dilatations and irregularities of multiple branches of the right middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Cerebral decompression was performed and leptomeningeal biopsies showed granulomatous angiitis. Laboratory results were normal except for elevated liver biochemical tests. Later testing for hepatitis c was positive. His neurological symptoms improved with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Patient 2. A 39 yr old male developed 3 days of left sided weakness, slurred speech and difficulty swallowing fluids. Physical findings were limited to his weakness. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right superior pontine subacute infarct with a small left internal capsule lacunar infarct. Angiography revealed multiple areas of focal narrowing with no areas of abrupt vessel cut off. Cerebral spinal fluid showed 71 PMN, 29 RBC, normal glucose, elevated protein (64 mg/dl), no oligoclonal bands, and low myelin basic protein. Other laboratory analyses were normal including liver biochemical tests. However, hepatitis c serology was positive and mixed cryoglobulins were detected. CNS vasculitis was diagnosed and nearly full recovery was achieved with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and warfarin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.49797359478871keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/76. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis complicated by vasculitis: a cause of fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two cases.We describe two cases of disseminated coccidioidomycosis that were complicated by fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the first case, a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm and long-segment vasculitis occurred. In the second case, MR imaging revealed an enlarging coccidioidal granuloma at the tip of the basilar artery, and the artery subsequently ruptured. Fatal intracranial hemorrhage is a rare complication of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.49797359478871keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/76. magnetic resonance imaging and angiography in cerebral fungal vasculitis.We report on an 11-year old girl treated for leukemia who developed infarcts in the right lentiform nucleus and temporal lobe. magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed mild intraluminal irregularities in the right carotid syphon and stenosis of the right proximal middle cerebral artery, suggesting vasculitis. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up showed evolution of the initial infarct into an abscess. Stereotactic biopsy disclosed filaments of aspergillus. This report emphasizes the fact that cerebral aspergillosis should be considered if MRA and MRI are indicative of vasculitis and cerebral infarction in immunosuppressed children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.485815163521keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/76. Cerebral vasculitis in a case of Sydenham's chorea.A 10-year-old girl with acute-onset hemichorea had multiple areas of abnormal signal seen on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, associated with middle and anterior cerebral artery vasculitis seen on cerebral angiography. Her serology and clinical course were supportive of the diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea. Other causes of cerebral vasculitis were excluded. follow-up studies revealed resolution of changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging and partial resolution of angiographic abnormalities. This is the first report of abnormal cerebral angiography in Sydenham's chorea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.9932453159624keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/76. Systemic lupus erythematosus with C1q deficiency.We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with C1q deficiency. Our patient presented at the age of 6 years with cutaneous lupus. She later developed Raynaud's phenomenon, non-scarring alopecia, oral ulceration and grand mal seizures due to cerebral vasculitis. complement c3 and C4 levels were consistently normal during flares of her lupus and haemolytic activity of her complement was absent, suggesting a deficiency of an early component of the complement cascade. No C1q could be detected.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.49797359478871keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/76. Disseminated mucormycosis caused by absidia corymbifera leading to cerebral vasculitis.An 18-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of subcutaneous hematoma and fever of unknown origin. Acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed and empirical antimicrobial treatment and induction chemotherapy were started. After initial defervescence, fever relapsed 2 days after the onset of neutropenia. The CT scan of the lung was consistent with an invasive fungal infection. Treatment with amphotericin b was started and antimicrobial treatment was continued with liposomal amphotericin b because of an increase in creatinine later. The fever persisted and the patient suddenly developed progressive neurological symptoms. CT scan of the head suggested cerebral infarction and angiography of the extra- and intracranial arteries showed signs of vasculitis. Six days after the onset of neurological symptoms cerebral death was diagnosed. autopsy revealed non-septate, irregularly branched hyphae in various histologic sections including brain. absidia corymbifera could be isolated from lung tissue confirming the diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis. In this case, angiographic findings suggested severe cerebral vasculitis which was in fact caused by thromboembolic dissemination of fungal hyphae. This case underlines the fact that cerebral symptoms in febrile neutropenic patients are highly indicative for fungal infections of the brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.9864906319247keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/76. Amphetamine abuse and intracranial haemorrhage.amphetamines taken by any route can cause cerebral vasculitis and intracranial haemorrhage. 8 cases were seen in a neurosurgical unit over 3.5 years. The published work indicates that those who experience these complications, mainly young adults, have poor outcomes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.80188447336569keywords = cerebral, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/76. Microscopic polyarteritis with renal and cerebral involvement.We report a 15-year-old girl who presented with renal failure requiring dialysis and a diagnosis of p-ANCA-associated vasculitis. She subsequently developed cerebral vasculitis during treatment with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. Treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange produced a complete recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.4898679739435keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/76. SPECT in focal enterovirus encephalitis: evidence for local cerebral vasculitis.We report a 4-year-old, left-handed male with focal coxsackievirus A3 encephalitis who presented with seizures and acquired aphasia. electroencephalography exhibited focal spike discharges over the right frontal regions, but cranial magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any structural abnormalities. However, brain single-photon emission computed tomography performed during the acute phase disclosed focal hypoperfusion in the right frontal lobe, consistent with decreased regional cerebral blood flow in the territory of some branches of the right cerebral anterior artery. Without specific treatment, the patient recovered completely within 1 month, when brain single-photon emission computed tomography images returned to normal and cranial magnetic resonance imaging still demonstrated no abnormalities. The present case suggests the possible role of transient local cerebral vasculitis in the pathogenesis of focal enterovirus encephalitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.488517037136keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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