1/4. Severe vasovagal attack during regional anaesthesia for caesarean section.A patient experienced a severe vasovagal attack during regional anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. The combination of vagal over-activity and sympathetic block produced profound hypotension that threatened the life of the mother and infant. The vasovagal syndrome is described, and its prevention and management discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = life (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. Vasovagal syncope: a new treatment for an old problem.Vasovagal syncope is an extremely common condition that is most often benign. However, in some individuals it can be far more severe, with frequent, sudden, and prolonged episodes of loss of consciousness. The effects can be traumatic, not only from the acute event but from the lifestyle changes that are necessitated by these attacks. We report on the presentation and diagnosis of once such individual and discuss the various treatment options. In addition, supported by recently published evidence, we demonstrate how a pacemaker with rate-drop response is an effective form of treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = life (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. Neurocardiogenic syncope: a model for SIDS.A 5 1/2 month old male infant who had suffered three acute life threatening episodes was admitted for overnight sleep studies but was found dead after their completion while still in hospital. A necropsy classified the cause of death as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The sleep studies had shown no periods of apnoea (> 20 seconds) or bradycardia (< 90 beats/min), and a rapid response to nasal occlusion (5 seconds). However, autonomic function during sleep was poor, with reduced heart rate variability (6 beats/min v control 24 beats/min, SD 6.2) and postural hypotension (a 12-14% fall in resting systolic blood pressure) associated with a fall in heart rate when tilted to a vertical position. Postural hypotension with bradycardia occurs in adults with unexplained syncopal episodes and is called a neurocardiac reflex. It involves poor vasomotor tone with peripheral pooling of blood, a consequent reduction in central venous return and cardiac distension, and in some individuals a neurally mediated bradycardia, as seen in this infant, rather than the expected tachycardia. A progressive bradycardia is the predominant mechanism of death seen in SIDS infants dying on cardiorespiratory monitors at home. This case suggests that a neurocardiac reflex occurs in infants, may have been involved in this infant's death, and deserves further study in the context of SIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = life (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. Treatment of malignant neurocardiogenic vasovagal syncope with a rate drop algorithm in dual chamber cardiac pacing.A 29-year-old man with malignant vasovagal syncope presented with episodes of abrupt loss of consciousness associated with an aura, totaling more than 10 episodes over 3 months. Holter monitoring showed cardiac arrest with a duration of 15 seconds. Oral propranolol and disopyramide therapy failed to prevent the syncope. A dual chamber pacemaker with a rate drop response algorithm successfully prevented the syncope but not the aura. There may be multifactors involved in the mechanism of this syndrome. The patient has returned to a normal active life. This rate drop algorithm is an effective therapy for the prevention of syncope in malignant vasovagal syncope.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = life (Clic here for more details about this article) |