1/6. Preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.Preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may be correctly made in a significant proportion of affected patients thus preventing unnecessary radical surgery especially in the poor-risk patient. The diagnosis should be suggested in the patient with a history of chronic urinary tract infection and certain radiologic features. These include unilateral renal enlargement (either localized or diffuse), nonfunction on excretory urography, presence of renal and/or ureteral calculi, angiographic demonstration of avascular mass or masses with stretched, attenuated intrarenal vessels, prominent capsular and periureteric vessels, and an irregular impaired nephrogram with prominent avascular areas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Microvascular injury and repair in acute human bacterial pyelonephritis.Acute inflammatory cell-capillary endothelial cell interactions, related to injury and repair, were investigated light and electron microscopically in acute human bacterial pyelonephritis. In inflammatory infiltrate-adjacent microvessels, the small capillaries were completely occluded by leukocyte plugs and the large capillaries were densely filled with acute inflammatory cells adhering to the endothelium. Severe damage to small and large capillaries was observed around endothelium adherent, degranulated neutrophil granulocytes containing phagocytosed bacteria. There were spaces in the endothelium, degradation of the vascular basement membrane, of the perivascular interstitial matrix and of collagen fibrils, with fibrin deposition and vessel wall fragmentation. In the small capillaries relatively distant from the interstitial infiltrates, emigration of leukocytes was frequently seen. Around the escaping cells the endothelial lining displayed occasional discontinuities, allowing leakage of vascular fluid into the interstitial space. Some small capillaries not related to the infiltrate were occluded by fibrin thrombi with apparent damage to the endothelial cells and disruption of the capillary wall. Various reparative changes were noticed in association with this change including capillary neovascularization. The findings confirm the existence of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated injury of capillaries during the development of inflammatory responses in acute pyelonephritis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Haemorrhage due to rupture of the kidney with intraparenchymal calculi, chronic pyelonephritis and acute obstructive uropathy. A case report.Massive left perirenal haemorrhage due to rupture of the kidney with intrarenal calculi has not been previously described and in this case is thought to have been due to erosion of small vessels by intraparenchymal calculi aggravated by oedema and ischaemia caused by associated acute obstructive uropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Arteriovenous malformation of the bladder presenting as gross hematuria.Arteriovenous malformation, in which direct communication is present between arterioles and venules, are reflected histologically by abrupt changes in the thickness of the medial and elastin layers of the vessels. Another result of the lack of the interposed capillary bed is abnormal dilation and, often, advanced small vessel disease, which is due to the increased intravascular pressures as well as to the basic defects in the blood vessel walls. The diversion of arterial flow and small vessel disease may lead to ischemia, which is postulated to stimulate proliferation of the vascular channels in these lesions. Hence, they tend to grow slowly with time. The ischemia, increased pressure, and small vessel disease predispose to ulceration and hemorrhage, which is a common mode of presentation for these lesions. Common sites for arteriovenous malformations are the intestine, central nervous system, lungs, and extremities. The lesion has not been reported in the urinary bladder. The present case of massive hematuria was found at autopsy to be due to an arteriovenous malformation of the bladder neck.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. arteriovenous fistula after partial nephrectomy--successful surgical repair. Report of a case.The postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula is a very rare condition. There have been 49 cases reported in the world literature to date. Our case is the 50th of this series, and, to our knowledge, the first one following partial nephrectomy. recurrence of the hypertension after nephrectomy, increasing heart failure, lumbar or upper abdominal bruit are the most characteristic clinical signs suggesting the presence of an arteriovenous communication. The basic diagnostic procedure is angiography. The proper surgical treatment is the separate ligature of the 2 vessels involved.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Benign causes of acquired ureteropelvic junction obstruction: a uroradiologic spectrum.Five different benign causes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults without prior obstructive history are presented: aortic aneurysm, renal cyst, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, eosinophilic ureteritis, and a crossing blood vessel. Although uncommon, these etiologies warrant consideration when an adult patient presents with ureteropelvic junction obstruction without a prior history of obstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |