1/4. Poland sequence: two unusual cases and brief review of the literature.Poland Sequence consists of a congenital absence of the pectoralis major muscle. Classically, the sequence also includes ipsilateral hand anomalies. Identified patients may be screened for renal and other anomalies. The condition results in physical and cosmetic disabilities which can be treated if properly triaged. The chest wall anatomy may be delineated with computed tomography and MRI if surgery is planned. Two cases with unusual findings including lumbosacral spine malformation and contralateral hand syndactyly are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast associated with Poland's syndrome: report of a case.We report herein a rare case of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast associated with Poland's syndrome. The patient was a 59-year-old woman who was referred to our department after a nodule had been found in the upper outer portion of the left breast by a breast cancer screening program. On physical examination, marked hypoplasia of the right breast and upper limb was noted. Preoperative computed tomography also revealed a defect in the right pectoralis muscles. A quadrantectomy of the left breast with lymphadenectomy was subsequently performed and pathological examination of the resected specimen showed invasive ductal carcinoma. Her medical history revealed that her mother had attempted to abort the pregnancy around the fifth week of her gestation. The present case suggests that such an event during gestational development may be associated with congenital anomalies predisposing to malignant disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 20.980746655526keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. Chest wall implants: their use for pectus excavatum, pectoralis muscle tears, Poland's syndrome, and muscular insufficiency.Solid customized and prefabricated silicone implants have been used by the author for 15 years in a wide range of chest wall deformities. Chest wall implants are often used in males seeking to augment a muscularly deficient or underdeveloped chest; however, their greatest use has come in a variety of deformities both congenital and acquired, such as pectus excavatum, Poland's Syndrome, and pectoralis muscle tears. The implants can be either customized using a moulage technique or are prefabricated, manufactured implants which can be modified on the operating table to repair the contour deformity. The immediate postoperative problem of seroma and subcutaneous implant "show" has been minimized by careful planning, gentle technique, deep insertion, improved patient positioning on the operating room table, and the use of oral anti-inflammatory medications. The long-term results of these implants seem very satisfactory. The patients are usually physically active, and the implants show no long-term sequelae such as seroma, infection, displacement, or rupture.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. neuroblastoma and poland syndrome in a 15-year-old boy.A 15-year-old boy with neuroblastoma associated with poland syndrome is presented. He was admitted with a 2-month history of progressive back pain and a 3-day history of weakness of the lower extremities, encopresis and enuresis. On physical examination, in addition to paraplegia, absence of the pectoralis major muscle was diagnosed on the right side of his chest. A large heterogeneous mass in the right side of the thorax was revealed on computerized tomography. neuroblastoma was diagnosed on histopathological analysis of the mass. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of neuroblastoma associated with poland syndrome in the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 20.980746655526keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |