1/20. paraganglioma of the cauda equina: MR findings.The MR findings of a case with paraganglioma of the cauda equina are presented. T2-weighted images showed the tumor to have a hyposignal rim and serpiginous flow voids, suggesting vessels capping the tumor. Contrast-enhanced MR images highlighted the tumor and tumor vessels more clearly. knowledge of MR findings in this unusual disorder may aid in diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/20. MR appearance of paraganglioma of the cauda equina. case reports.PURPOSE: To investigate the value of MR imaging for preoperative diagnosis of paraganglioma of the cauda equina. MATERIAL AND methods: A retrospective review of 2 cases of paraganglioma of the cauda equina examined with MR imaging was undertaken. Features assessed included the homogeneity of the lesions, presence or absence of serpiginous flow void and thin hypointense margins. RESULTS: In case 1, the tumor was hyperintense on the postcontrast examination and serpiginous flow void suggested vessels in the upper pole of the tumor. In case 2, the tumor was encapsulated by a thin hypointense margin on both T1- and T2-weighted images, which suggested hemosiderin. CONCLUSION: The MR appearance may be of great value in the preoperative diagnosis of paraganglioma of the cauda equina.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/20. Intraneural growth of a capillary haemangioma of the cauda equina.Solitary intraneural haemangiomas are very rare. A case of intraneural capillary haemangioma involving two nerve roots of the cauda equina is reported. The patient was a 63-year-old woman with a three years history of intermittent lumbalgia and numbness of the ventral surface of the left thigh. magnetic resonance imaging detected an intradural extramedullary nodular space occupying mass at the level of the conus medullaris. laminectomy of T12 and complete removal of the tumour were performed. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a capillary haemangioma. The tumour was located within the sheaths of a spinal nerve root. The lesion consisted of a myriad of small and very small vessels, reticularly arranged with normal nerve fascicles dispersed within the nodules of clustered capillaries. The present case of an intraneural capillary haemangioma of the cauda equina appears to be one of the first reported examples of this entity in the world's literature. The clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options of intraneural haemangiomas of the conus medullaris and cauda equina are discussed. The current literature is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/20. optic nerve glioma in an 18-month-old child.An optic nerve glioma in an 18-month-old child was examined by both light and electron microscopy. The tumor revealed the characteristic features of uniform benign and fibrillary astrocytoma. Rosenthal fibers and calcium depostis were found within numerous intracellular glial processes. The above features indicated a slow-growing tumor of long duration, confirming the generally supported assumption of the congenital nature of optic nerve glioma. One unsuspected feature was the presence of fenestrated blood vessels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/20. Clinicopathologic case reports: Optic nerve head metastasis.A case of tumor metastasis from carcinoma of the lung directly to the cribriform plate is described. Retina and optic nerve were involved, but there was no evidence of tumor invasion of the choroid. It is postulated that the original tumor embolus lodged in a cribriform branch of the arterial circle of Zinn or in the central retinal vessels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/20. March 2002: 28-year-old woman with neck and back pain.Following a car accident a 28-year-old female, complained of a sharp pain of the anterior and posterior base of the neck on expiration and with exertion. Subsequently, she noticed a feeling of discomfort in her back when lifting her arm above her head. Imaging studies revealed a tumor mass involving the third intercostal nerve on the right side of T2. The differential diagnosis included neurofibroma and neurilemmoma. This was followed annually and five years later an increase in size warranted a transthoracic, transpleural removal en bloc of this lesion. At surgery, a 3 cm soft tissue tumor engulfed the third intercostal nerve and extended into the third intervertebral foramen where the proximal part of the nerve root was enlarged. The right third intercostal nerve was dissected and removed along with the tumor, after negative nerve stimulation. Histopathological examination showed multiple enlarged coalescent lymphoid follicles with an onion skin appearance of tight concentric layering of small, uniform mature lymphocytes at the periphery, arranged in a targetoid fashion with broad mantle zones and relatively small germinal centers. The germinal centers of variable size included hyalinized blood vessels. Lollipop follicles were seen. The interfollicular stroma showed numerous hyperplastic collagenized capillaries within an inflammatory background. However, the perinodal soft tissue was replaced by numerous inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes. The final diagnosis was Castleman's disease, hyaline vascular type. Castleman's disease can mimic various tumors and because Castleman's disease is a rare reactive entity, its diagnosis is generally overlooked by radiologists and clinicians. It is likely that this mass arose from one of the posterior intercostal lymph nodes, situated in the paravertebral region, however the capsule was not readily seen and the sinuses were not apparent. Almost all previous cases of Castleman's disease, hyaline vascular type were described in the anterior mediastinum. Hyaline vascular Castleman's disease usually does not invade and replace neighboring structures. This case is unique because of its location and the local invasion of adjacent structures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/20. Metastatic breast cancer delayed brachial plexopathy. A brief case report.Metastatic involvement of brachial plexopathy is a rare condition that is often associated with advanced systemic breast cancer and the role of surgeon appears to be restricted because radio-chemotherapy is better recommended in this setting. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman that presented a very delayed breast cancer metastatic lower trunks lesions without associated radiation injury, treated by surgery. MRI of plexus and CT of chest and axilla are methods of choice in preoperative radiological evaluation. Neurosurgeon effort is restricted to provide pathologic diagnosis (confirm of metastasis), adequate pain control and improvement of neurological function. So that surgical exploration and neurolysis should be performed as soon as possible after appearance of neurological deficits before denervation signs occurs. General surgeon presence should be warranted for more radical removal of remain lymph nodes and metastatic nodal infiltration of adjacent anatomical structures (vessels and so on) when detected by preoperative radiological work-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/20. Proximal nerve root spinal hemangioblastomas: presentation of three cases, MR appearance, and literature review.BACKGROUND: Hemangioblastomas (HBLs) are relatively uncommon tumors of uncertain histogenesis usually located in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Much less frequently they are identified in extramedullary locations including the filum terminale, proximal nerve roots, or even distal nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). PNS cases not only present diagnostic challenges but also raise interesting questions regarding the common cell of origin for these CNS and PNS neoplasms. Few studies have detailed the neuroimaging characteristics of the rare extramedullary variants. methods: neuroimaging and intraoperative findings of three recent cases of proximal nerve root HBLs are described. The English language literature on extramedullary HBLs is reviewed and discussed, particularly in regards to magnetic resonance (MR) findings and association with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL). RESULTS: All 3 of our cases had prominent vessels present within the subarachnoid space on MR scans and all lesions enhanced. All were of intermediate or mildly decreased signal intensity on the T1-weighted images before contrast and were either iso- or hyperintense to spinal cord on the T2-weighted images. Two had probable cystic areas on MR, and all had cystic areas on histologic evaluation. CONCLUSION: These neuroimaging characteristics can serve to distinguish HBLs from the more common benign nerve sheath tumors with which they are most frequently confused. Less than half of all extramedullary HBLs are diagnosed in patients with known VHL. It is important to consider HBLs in the differential diagnosis, as they are vascular and have the propensity for causing significant blood loss at surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/20. A case of neurofibromatosis associated with a coronary artery aneurysm and myocardial infarction.Aneurysms of the aorta, vertebral arteries, carotid artery, thyrocervical trunk, and mesenteric and celiac arteries have been described in patients with neurofibromatosis. These aneurysms may have part of the vessel wall replaced by neurofibromatosis tissue. One previous case reports a coronary artery aneurysm in a patient with neurofibromatosis who suffered a myocardial infarction due to thrombosis formation within the aneurysm. We document a second case of aneurysmal dilatation of a coronary artery in a patient with neurofibromatosis. This patient also had a myocardial infarction in a vascular distribution not involved by the aneurysm. The vascular changes associated with neurofibromatosis are reviewed. Aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary arteries may be a further vascular manifestation of this condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/20. Splaying of the carotid bifurcation caused by a cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma.Splaying of the carotid bifurcation revealed by an imaging study is usually indicative of a carotid body tumor, but there are other possibilities. To promote awareness of a cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma as another cause of splaying of the carotid bifurcation, we present a case of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma, with an additional 7 cases in the English-language literature, and discuss the relationship between the great vessels of the neck and a carotid body tumor or a schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain or vagus nerve from an anatomic viewpoint. We conclude that splaying of the carotid bifurcation with hypervascularity suggests a carotid body tumor, whereas in cases without hypervascularity, a cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma is another possibility. vagus nerve schwannomas can separate the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery, but seldom widen the carotid bifurcation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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