1/6. Complete avulsion of the optic nerve. A clinical, angiographic, and electrodiagnostic study.A case of traumatic complete avulsion of the optic nerve is reported together with fluorescein angiography and electrodiagnostic findings. Despite the disappearance of the central vessels, circulation remained in the branch retinal vessels and angiography demonstrated communication between peripapillary choroidal vessels and the superior temporal artery. The visually-evoked cortical response was abolished. electroretinography showed a normal a-wave but reduced amplitude b-wave, not supporting the theory of the existence of centrifugal retino-suppressive fibres in the optic nerve of man.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Evolution of descending optic atrophy. A case report.Fundus changes following severe trauma to the intracranial optic nerve were followed by means of serial fundus photography. The eye was completely blind. Little change was seen during the first 4 weeks. The retinal nerve fibre layer disappeared gradually during weeks 4 to 8. At the same time the retinal vessels turned narrow, and vascular pseudo-sheathing appeared close to the optic disc.Disc pallor was not maximal until the 12th week, when the peripapillary retina also had acquired a mottled appearance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Severe visual disturbance after exposure of the optic canal during intranasal ethmosphenoidectomy.The cause of disturbed visual acuity associated with intranasal ethmosphenoidectomy is, on the one hand, a direct injury to the optic nerve. In this case, the disturbance in visual acuity develops immediately after the operation, and severe visual complications with a poor prognosis are found. On the other hand, in the two cases presented in this paper, the disturbed visual acuity develops postoperatively. In this case, it is necessary to take various possibilities into consideration, such as indirect effects of intraorbital bleeding, and damage to the lamina papyracea due to indirect and direct injury. Moreover, effects on the peri-optic nerve area and small blood vessels within the osseous optic canal should be considered. After thorough consideration and observation of the response to conservative therapy, such complications should be treated by investigating whether or not decompression of the optic nerve is effective.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Reversible visual loss following optic nerve injury.A case of shrapnel injury to the optic nerve documented by computed tomography, resulting in total, but partially reversible visual loss, is presented. In view of the visual field defect and computed tomographic findings, a transient vascular insult is incriminated. The irreversible loss in the lower field of vision is related to the shearing effect of trauma on the vulnerable pial vessels supplying the upper half of the nerve.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Rare complications following ethmoidectomies: a report of eleven cases.Intranasal ethmoidectomy is one of the most difficult operations to teach residents. An accurate knowledge of the regional topographic anatomy is of utmost importance. Friedman and Kerr reported complications of 1000 cases of consecutive intranasal ethmoidectomies performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1957 to 1972. The complication rate was 2.8%. meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, loss of olfaction, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction were reported. No blindness, loss of occular motility, excision of brain tissue or intracranial vessel damage occurred in their series. We are reporting a series of 8 cases of very rare complications following intranasal ethmoidectomies: 1. optic nerve damage resulting in total blindness (3 cases). 2. Loss of occular motility (2 cases). 3. Cerebrospinal fluid leak resulting in 8 episodes of pseudomonas meningitis and epidural abscess (1 case). 4. cavernous sinus--internal carotid artery fistula (1 case). 5. Anterior cranial fossa brain damage resulting in death (1 case). These cases, which were either referred to us or came up for our review, are described in detail. A search of the world literature demonstrates a lack of emphasis on such complications. The pitfalls of intranasal ethmoidectomy are considered and ways to avoid such dreadful complications are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. optic nerve damage following argon laser photocoagulation in a human eye.argon laser photocoagulation of diabetic neovascular formations overlying the optic disc risks injury to the nerve fibers. Isolated reports of postoperative field defects have appeared but extensive pathologic studies of the effects on nerve fibers are lacking. In an eye with a malignant melanoma nasally, laser photocoagulation was directed at the superior temporal artery on the disc. Applications were made repeatedly until spasm was produced at two sites. The following day, the eye was enucleated. Histopathologic examination revealed loss of endothelial cells and absence of nuclei in the media of the treated artery, and coagulative necrosis of nerve fibers around the vessel. Extensive damage to the peripapillary outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium also was demonstrated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |