1/13. Devic disease and thymoma with anti-central nervous system and antithymus antibodies.A patient with myasthenia gravis and thymoma developed neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and necrotizing myositis 4 months after treatment of the tumor. antibodies reacting with the CNS and thymic epithelial cells were detected in the serum during the acute phase of NMO, suggesting that the NMO was linked to the thymoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Recurrent neuromyelitis optica with diffuse central nervous system involvement: case report.Several demyelinating disorders can affect children. The differential diagnosis between these diseases is usually an arduous task. Diagnostic criteria have been proposed for some of these disorders, however most of them have not yet been clinically and prospectively validated. Here we present a case of a ten year-old boy with recurrent bilateral optic neuritis and spinal cord involvement. Clinical and cerebrospinal fluid data have fulfilled diagnostic criteria for Devic's neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis (MS) has become troublesome since not only optic nerves and spinal cord were involved. In one of the relapses a left hemiparesis with facial involvement was registered. magnetic resonance imaging was also compatible with MS. This case illustrates that CNS demyelinating disorders can fulfill diagnostic criteria for more than one demyelinating disease, making the clinical judgment an important tool in the management of these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. neuromyelitis optica with hypothalamic involvement.We describe two cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) with clinical and radiographically confirmed features of hypothalamic involvement, in the absence of other parenchymal brain lesions. Their course is otherwise typical of Devic's form of NMO. A review of the literature identifies additional cases of NMO in which clinical features attributable to under-recognized dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis were present. We propose that the currently accepted criteria for the diagnosis of NMO could be revisited to recognize the possibility of lesions developing within hypothalamic structures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.072871046522389keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Devic disease with brainstem lesions.We describe a patient who suffered from an unusually severe form of neuromyelitis optica with a hyperacute time-course evolution requiring mechanical ventilation within 3 days. The patient died after 72 days and autopsy showed major spinal cord, optic nerve, and brainstem necrosis, and multifocal necrotic lesions on the cerebellum and cerebral white matter.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.36435523261194keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in Devic disease.This is a report of a 20-year-old man with typical features of Devic disease (neuromyelitis optica) associated with demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. A sural nerve biopsy showed markedly decreased myelinated fibers of a large diameter. Teased fiber preparations showed segmental remyelination in 50% of examined fibers, as well as a few demyelination. Demyelination of bilateral optic nerves, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves at the same time suggests a possibility of common pathogenetic mechanisms in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.065647485931795keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. Devic's neuromyelitis optica: long-term follow-up and serial CSF findings in two cases.Sixteen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens serially obtained during long-term follow-up of two patients with Devic's neuromyelitis optica (DNO) were compared with 65 CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). By statistical analysis, the CSF profile in DNO was found to differ from that observed in MS, mainly showing pleocytosis, blood-brain barrier damage, and absence of persistent immunoglobulin g synthesis within the central nervous system. oligoclonal bands, detected with isoelectric focusing, were present in CSF of 92% of the patients with MS, and in three CSF specimens from one patient with DNO during the first 6 months after disease onset. The bands disappeared in two subsequent samples. This finding has never been described in MS. One patient with DNO had an apparent chronic-relapsing course probably due to steroid dependence. The clinical and CSF features of our cases favour the nosographic independence of DNO and MS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.32287104652239keywords = central nervous system, brain, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. neuromyelitis optica in the old age: a clinico-pathological contribution.We present a case of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in a previously healthy 64-year-old woman. While CT scan and MRI investigations of the brain as well as myelography were normal, CSF revealed a pathological increase of IgG. Notwithstanding an intensive steroid therapy the patient died after 4 1/2 months. Microscopic examination showed, besides extensive demyelination of the optic nerves and spinal cord (especially in its cervico-dorsal tract), several small demyelinating plaques in the white matter of the pons and near the right lateral ventricle. These findings confirm once again that NMO is a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis and that this disease may make it first appearance at an old age.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.072871046522389keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. cerebrospinal fluid and neuropathological study in Devic's syndrome. Evidence of intrathecal immune activation.cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in 2 cases of Devic's syndrome (DS). In one of these cases autopsy was carried out. The main CSF feature in DS is the association of blood-brain barrier damage and intrathecal IgG synthesis. These findings are in keeping with our neuropathological observation of diffuse central nervous system vasculitis and leptomeningitis. As a whole, our CSF and neuropathological findings in DS are consistently different from those in multiple sclerosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.32287104652239keywords = central nervous system, brain, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. neuromyelitis optica (Devic syndrome) in a 12-year-old male with complete recovery following steroids.neuromyelitis optica is one of the rarest forms of central nervous system demyelinating disease. It is particularly infrequent in Western countries and complete recovery is rare. We report a 12-year-old boy with neuromyelitis optica which occurred shortly after an upper respiratory infection. magnetic resonance imaging revealed several small areas of increased signal intensity within the cerebral and cerebellar white matter on T2-weighted images. The patient recovered completely following treatment with high-dose prednisone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. neuromyelitis optica.An 11-year-old girl developed sudden visual loss in her left eye, preceding subacute myelitis by 9 months. Multifocal lesions in the central nervous system were demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Although unilateral blindness is unusual, the clinical findings predominantly involving the optic nerve and spinal cord were consistent with the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This case provides additional evidence to support the view that NMO is a variant of multiple sclerosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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