1/15. A case of Dejerine-Sottas disease with schizophrenic symptoms. A clinical and pathological study.A case of hypertrophic interstitial neuritis with a disturbance of intelligence and schizophrenic symptoms was reported. The patient, a 41-year-old male, showed monologia at the age of 14 and auditory hallucination at the age of 21. He was diagnosed as schizophrenia. Torsion of the head to the right side and muscular atrophy were also noticed at 21 years. Atrophy of the muscles progressed gradually, particularly in the distal parts of the upper and lower extremeties. Psychiatric examination revealed schizophrenic symptoms such as auditory hallucination, thought disorder, lack of spontaneity, autism, apathy, etc. There was also a disturbance of intelligence (imbecility). In neurological examination, the torsion of the head to the right side, slight exaggeration of the peripheral reflexes, muscular atrophy in the distal parts of the extremeties were noted. The bilateral ulnar nerves were markedly hypertrophied. The biopsy of the right ulnar nerve revealed a remarkable thickening of the endoneuria and "onion bulb" formations. A large amount of the interstitial accumulation of PAS positive substance, which showed metachromasia in cresyl violet staining, was also noted. Schwann cell processes were proved electron-microscopically to surround the myelin sheaths and some of them meandered and extended and into the metachromatic substance. The basement membrane of the sheath cell was hypertrophic in some portions and elongated into interstitium. The nucleus of the sheath cell was hyperchromic and showed marked atrophy. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen obtained from the gastrocnemius muscle suggested neurogenic muscular atrophy. The relationship among the hypertrophic interstitial neuritis, schizophrenic symptoms, disturbance of intelligence and torsion of the head was also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Chronic granulomatous neuritis in idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy. Report of two cases.Idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy is a clinically benign disorder in which the main feature is facial numbness limited to the territory of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve; the disorder persists for a few weeks to several years. and no underlying disease can be identified. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings are occasionally consistent with a small trigeminal neuroma of the left gasserian ganglion associated with idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy. The authors report on two patients who were treated using a skull base approach in which the gasserian ganglion was exposed and the lesion was removed. The pathological diagnosis was chronic granulomatous neuritis. The authors conclude that, in patients with MR findings suggestive of a small trigeminal neuroma, benign idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. A conservative approach featuring sequential MR imaging studies may avoid an unnecessary surgical exploration.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 158.15376842797keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Unusual causes of trigeminal neuralgia treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. Report of two cases.The purpose of this paper was to present two cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with an unusual origin and lesion location. In two cases TN was caused by lesions along the course of the trigeminal nerve within the pons and adjacent to the fourth ventricle. Both cases presented with typical TN. brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed linear or wedge-shaped lesions adjacent to the fourth ventricle, extending anterolaterally and lying along the pathway of the intraaxial trigeminal fibers. The involvement of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus with segmental demyelination are suggested as possible causes for trigeminal pain in these cases. It is postulated that these lesions are the result of an old viral neuritis. The patients underwent gamma knife radiosurgery and their clinical responses have been encouraging to date.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. The Ramsay Hunt syndrome: a dynamic demonstration of applied anatomy.The clinical features of herpes zoster of the geniculate ganglion were reviewed and related to the functional anatomy of the seventh cranial nerve. An illustrative case highlights many of the features of the syndrome that was first described by Ramsay Hunt. The significance of facial palsy is discussed in the light of its distribution.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 79.076884213986keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Irritative neuritis of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve from underlying ganglion.Although sites of ulnar nerve compression or disruption are generally apparent in a detailed physical examination, ulnar nerve involvement that is confined to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve is unusual. Three patients presented with pain over the dorsal ulnar aspect of the hand associated with a cystic mass on the ulnar border of the wrist and hand. Stretching of the dorsal cutaneous branch from an underlying ganglion or proliferative synovium was present in all three of the patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 395.38442106993keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Encephalomyeloneuropathy with ganglionitis of the myenteric plexuses in the absence of cancer.A 55-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressive brainstem dysfunction which led to death within a month. She also had constipation for three weeks, and barium enema showed ileus. Subacute encephalomyelitis predominantly involving the medulla and pons correlated with the patient's initial symptoms. In addition, ganglionitis of the myenteric plexuses explained the constipation and ileus. Ganglioradiculoneuropathy was another finding. The presence of abundant neuronophagia in the brainstem, dorsal root ganglia, and myenteric plexuses raised the speculation that a putative virus, toxic agent, or immune reaction possessed special affinity for neurons and ganglion cells. The neuropathological findings were similar to paraneoplastic changes, but no neoplasm was found.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 474.46130528392keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. vestibular neuronitis. Electron microscopy of Scarpa's ganglion.Scarpa's ganglion and the superior vestibular nerve of a patient with vestibular neuronitis examined under the electron microscope displayed degenerative neuronal changes and axonal lesions considered to be the cause of the clinical features of vestibular neuronitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 395.38442106993keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Enhanced MRI in patients with vestibular neuronitis.Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated facial nerve enhancement in facial nerve palsy and cochlea enhancement in sudden deafness. However, no report has described the findings of enhanced MRI in vestibular neuronitis. Eight cases of vestibular neuronitis were studied with enhanced MRI. We did not detect any enhanced lesions of the vestibular nerve or ganglion. So far, as the present conditions of MRI are concerned, it is difficult to detect any enhancement in the vestibular nerve and ganglion. Further study will be required to evaluate the suitability of MRI for vestibular neuronitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 158.15376842797keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Paraneoplastic encephalo-myelo-ganglionitis: cellular binding sites of the antineuronal antibody.The cellular binding sites of an antineuronal antibody were characterized in an autopsy case of the paraneoplastic encephalo-myelo-ganglionitis. A 61 year-old woman developed a subacute sensorimotor polyneuropathy and, later, multiple involvement of cranial nerves, disturbance of consciousness, and generalized seizure. An autopsy revealed a small cell lung carcinoma and neuropathological changes that included disseminated encephalitis, spinal anterior horn lesions, severe loss of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and secondary degeneration and loss of the nerve fibers in the spinal posterior column and peripheral nerves. The serum IgG from the patient contained antineuronal antibody(s) including an antibody to 35- to 37-kDa neuronal antigens called anti-Hu as demonstrated in Western blot. In immunohistochemical studies, the serum IgG immunostained neurons of the brains, spinal cords, and dorsal root ganglia of humans or rats. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed binding of the patient's IgG in the neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm, but not in the nucleoli. In immunoelectron microscopic studies, immunolabelling with the IgG was found diffusely in the karyoplasm, excluding nucleoli, and in the cytoplasmic matrix between the cisternae of the reticulums, golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. Encephalo-myeloganglionitis is a clinicopathological entity frequently associated with the presence of neoplasm and antineuronal antibody, however, the role of the antibody in the pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 553.5381894979keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. Anti-dorsal root ganglion neuron antibody in a case of dorsal root ganglionitis associated with sjogren's syndrome.We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with primary sjogren's syndrome who developed hypesthesia, hypalgesia, and neurogenic arthropathy in her lower limbs. Neurological examination and electrophysiological studies indicated involvement of the dorsal root ganglia. The immunohistochemistry of sections of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) showed that the IgG in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient bound to the neuronal perikarya of small DRG neurons but not to the cerebellum or peripheral nerves. These results, consistent with particular impairment of pain and touch senses, suggest that dorsal root ganglionitis in primary sjogren's syndrome is mediated by humoral autoimmunity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 790.76884213986keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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