1/4. Transient encephalopathy complicating poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in an adult with diagnostic findings consistent with cerebral vasculitis.We report the case of a young woman who had transient encephalopathy with nausea, cognitive impairment, 2 generalized seizures accompanied by visual impairment, and stenotic alterations of cerebral vessels lasting for weeks until complete resolution. These findings were associated with an elevated antideoxyribonuclease B level and biopsy-proven poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. At the time of the encephalopathy, the patient had no electrolyte level disturbances, an only mildly elevated urea level, and moderate arterial hypertension and was on methylprednisolone therapy. For a couple of days, cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple disseminated asymmetric hyperintensities on T(2)-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, suggesting vasogenic edema. However, Doppler ultrasound examinations showed stenoses of extracerebral and multiple intracerebral arteries that persisted for several weeks, lasting considerably longer than the cerebral edema. This finding does not fit the context of hypertensive or steroid-induced encephalopathy, but is consistent with diagnosis of an accompanying vasculitis. Treatment with methylprednisolone for several weeks was associated with resolution of arterial stenoses and neurological symptoms, complete reversibility of Doppler sonographic findings, and significant improvement in renal function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. Post-dural puncture thoracic pain without headache: relief with epidural blood patch.We report two unusual cases of postural, post-dural puncture upper thoracic interscapular backache, without headache, that were relieved by epidural blood patching. There is controversy concerning the aetiology of headache associated with the post-dural puncture syndrome. Mechanisms previously proposed have included traction on pain-sensitive intracranial structures such as the dura or blood vessels, or a vascular mechanism which may be adenosine-receptor mediated. These two cases suggest that traction on cervical or upper thoracic nerve roots should be considered as a possible mechanism of pain in the post-dural puncture syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. sumatriptan in the treatment of cyclic vomiting.OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with cyclic vomiting who was treated successfully with sumatriptan, a serotonin, agonist. CASE SUMMARY: A patient with a 4-year history of cyclic vomiting was treated for an episode of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This patient had been hospitalized numerous times for cyclic vomiting over the previous 4 years, each hospitalization lasting from 3 to 11 days. Following a single subcutaneous injection of sumatriptan 6 mg, the patient ceased vomiting and was discharged 40 hours from the time of admission. DISCUSSION: The efficacy of sumatriptan in migraine headache appears to be mediated through its agonist activity at the serotonin1D receptor, resulting in constriction of dural blood vessels. According to published reports, therapeutic attempts at controlling cyclic vomiting often have included antimigraine therapies. Consistent with these reports, sumatriptan also appears effective in the treatment of cyclic vomiting. CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of cyclic vomiting appears to share similarities with classic migraine, both of which may respond to sumatriptan therapy according to this report and previous work. Further study of the use of sumatriptan in the treatment of cyclic vomiting appears warranted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. Diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting due to retroperitoneal fibrosis: a rare but often missed diagnosis.retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease usually involving the ureters, retroperitoneal vessels and nerves; however, any intestinal organ may also be involved. In recent years, a few successful immunosuppressive treatments of this disease have been described and surgery can, therefore, probably be avoided in most cases. We report here on a case of secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis with compression and midline deviation of the ureters and impaired renal function which was probably caused by ergotamine abuse because of migraine. The patient complained of diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. After immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and prednisone for a year, we observed a complete resolution of the retroperitoneal mass on computed tomography, although renal function remained impaired. Eleven months after the cessation of treatment, the patient had not relapsed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |