1/47. toxoplasma gondii myelitis in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) caused by HTLV-I may be associated with severe immunosupression and several opportunistic infections. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a common central nervous system opportunistic infection in severely immunosupressed patients, however spinal cord involvement by this parasite is rare. In this paper, we report a case of toxoplasmic myelitis in a patient with ATL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/47. Non-progressive viral myelitis in X-linked agammaglobulinemia.We report a 14-year-old boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) complicated by isolated non-progressive myelitis caused by Coxsackie virus B1. Despite the absence of immunoglobulin supplement and persistence of the virus for the initial 2 years, motor impairment did not show any progression for 3 years. This report shows that the prognosis of central nervous system infection in XLA is not determined by immunoglobulin levels alone, and that it is not always progressive or fatal. The balance between host immunity and the virulence of the causative virus may be involved in the prognosis of meningoencephalitis in XLA.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/47. radiation myelitis in a 5-year-old girl.Myelopathy is an uncommon complication of radiotherapy, particularly in the pediatric age group. A 5-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed a severe but transient radiculopathy after intrathecal administration of methotrexate and cytarabine for an isolated central nervous system relapse. Chemotherapy was then given through an intraventricular catheter. Owing to a second central nervous system recurrence, she was treated with craniospinal radiation. The whole brain down to the level of C2 received a dose of 2400 cGy. Two months after completion of radiation, the child developed a progressive tetraparesis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing lesion involving the medulla and upper cervical cord. A biopsy was consistent with a treatment-related necrotizing leukoencephalopathy. This case suggests that patients who develop neurologic dysfunction when treated with methotrexate can also be particularly susceptible to radiation-related injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0338526066773keywords = central nervous system, nervous system, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/47. magnetic resonance imaging of meningoradiculomyelitis in early disseminated Lyme disease.lyme disease, a multisystem illness caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. There are 3 clinical stages of lyme disease: early localized, early disseminated, and late persistent disease. Neuroborreliosis, infection of the nervous system by B. burgdorferi, may occur during early disseminated or late persistent disease. spinal cord involvement in early disseminated disease is extremely rare. In patients with early disseminated neuroborreliosis, treatment with antibiotics often leads to rapid recovery and may prevent further complications of lyme disease. The authors present the clinical and radiographic findings, both before and after treatment, in a patient with meningoradiculomyelitis due to early disseminated lyme disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.39935961770662keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/47. Neuropathology of the brain and spinal cord in human west nile virus infection.OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathology of the brain and spinal cord in human west nile virus (WNV) infection. MATERIALS AND methods: Single case report, including premortem clinical and laboratory findings, and autopsy. RESULTS: An 83-year-old female presented with acute confusion, high fevers, dysarthria and generalized subjective weakness, with decreased deep tendon reflexes and weakness on physical examination. electromyography showed evidence of a sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy of the right-sided extremities. She became ventilator-dependent and died after a 2-week ICU stay, following withdrawal of life support. WNV infection was confirmed premortem by detection of IgM antibodies from serum and CSF and postmortem by RT-PCR from brain tissue. Examination of the brain parenchyma showed scattered microglial aggregates accompanied by perivascular chronic inflammation. The leptomeninges showed focal lymphocytic infiltrates. Examination of the spinal cord showed lymphocytic infiltrates in nerve roots and within the cord proper, with focal microglial nodules and neuronophagia in the ventral horns. Special stains were negative for a demyelinating process. General autopsy revealed only emphysema and atelectasis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this case suggest direct viral infection of the spinal cord and nerve roots as the mechanism of the flaccid paralysis often observed in patients infected with WNV. Findings are reviewed in comparison with other reports of neuropathologic findings in human WNV infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.23696824674143keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/47. Acute flaccid paralysis associated with west nile virus: motor and functional improvement in 4 patients.OBJECTIVE: To describe motor and functional recovery in 4 patients with acute flaccid paralysis associated with west nile virus (WNV) infection. DESIGN: A case series describing patient clinical features at admission to rehabilitation through 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Academic acute free-standing inpatient rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: The patients (3 men, 1 woman; age range, 29-72 y) with central nervous system WNV infection presented on rehabilitation admission, 18 to 112 days after onset of symptoms, with severe flaccid asymmetric weakness without sensory loss, and decreased functional independence. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated a severe diffuse motor axonopathy consistent with an anterior myelitis. INTERVENTION: Acute inpatient rehabilitation program over a period of 35 to 106 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor and FIM instrument scores at admission to rehabilitation, discharge, and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: All patients showed modest improvements in strength and function; no patient made full recovery of strength or became ambulatory by 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Little is known about recovery in patients with WNV-associated anterior myelitis. It will be important to document any further improvements in strength and function in such patients over a longer follow-up period.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/47. Severe tick borne encephalitis with simultaneous brain stem, bithalamic, and spinal cord involvement documented by MRI.A case of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) is reported, with simultaneous brain stem, spinal cord, and bilateral thalamic involvement confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After exposure to a TBE endemic region, the patient developed a biphasic clinical course with initial flu-like symptoms followed by a severe brain stem syndrome. The diagnosis of TBE was confirmed serologically. Repeated MRI scans showed brain stem, bithalamic, and spinal cord involvement. The outcome was favourable. TBE cases with concomitant myelitis tend to have a more severe clinical course and more likelihood of needing intensive care support. They should therefore be identified early in order to be prepared for life threatening respiratory complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.23696824674143keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/47. Meningeal hematopoiesis following radiation myelitis in a hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipient.Extramedullary meningeal hematopoiesis (EMH) represents an uncommon finding after stem-cell transplantation. We describe the case of an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipient who developed EMH 1 month after radiation myelitis had been diagnosed. A 39-year-old man with multiple myeloma underwent matched unrelated BMT following a myeloablative conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation (200 cGyx6). This was followed by delivery of 40 Gy of involved-field radiation to an extramedullary plasmacytoma compressing the spinal cord. Although transplantation went extremely well, the patient developed radiation myelitis 7 months after transplantation, and EMH ensued 1 month later. Because the patient was not in a disease state known to cause EMH, it is tempting to speculate that radiation-related neural injuries might cause donor cells to migrate to the central nervous system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/47. Cardiac effects of acute myelitis.Neurogenic stunned myocardium has been described in association with subarachnoid hemorrhage, guillain-barre syndrome, and metastatic brain tumors. We describe a case of neurogenic stunned myocardium associated with acute myelitis. A 27-year-old female presented with acute onset of quadriplegia, sensory deficit, and acute pulmonary edema. magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with acute myelitis. Echocardiogram showed left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% with moderate to severe global hypokinesis. During the course of admission, she had several episodes of sinus bradycardia and high degree atrioventricular block. All cardiac abnormalities resolved completely in eight days of admission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.033852606677347keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/47. dengue infection: neurological manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.Neurological manifestation is considered a rare complication of dengue infection. Neurological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of 13 patients with dengue infection were studied. Seven patients had encephalitis, two had myelitis and four showed guillain-barre syndrome (GBS). No alteration in CSF was found from 57% of those with encephalitis. patients with GBS and myelitis showed a CSF-blood barrier dysfunction. The differences in the CSF may be related to the location of the lesion and multiple mechanisms of the disease in the nervous system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.39935961770662keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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