1/4. Selective mutism and obsessive compulsive disorders associated with zonisamide.We treated 27 children with idiopathic epilepsy with zonisamide monotherapy over a period of 2 years and observed behaviour disturbances in a prospective study. In all cases, seizure control was excellent; however, two cases (7.4%) had behaviour disturbances. The first (Case 1) was a 14-year-old girl with partial epilepsy which began at age 4 years. Zonisamide was administered at age 6 years, which was effective against her seizures, but selective mutism, violent behaviour, and lack of concentration developed at age 10 years. The second (Case 2) was a 15-year-old girl with generalized tonic-clonic seizures which began at age 10 years. Zonisamide was also effective against her seizures, but obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD) developed at age 13 years. The patients have had no other physical or mental problems and decreasing the dosage of zonisamide reduced the problems. There are few reports of behaviour disturbances provoked by zonisamide monotherapy in epileptic children who are neither physically nor mentally disturbed. While problems can develop several years later, in the present study, decreasing the zonisamide dosage maintained adequate prevention of seizures and eliminated the behaviour disturbances. Zonisamide is still a useful anticonvulsant for epileptic seizures, but physicians should be wary of its adverse behavioural side effects, which may arise several years later.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. Elective mutism associated with selective inactivity.In this short case report, elective mutism was only one aspect of a young boy's general pattern of selective non-responding. behavior management procedures were successfully applied to his inactive nonverbal behavior, as well as his infrequent speech. Nonverbal responses were the easiest to train because they could be physically prompted if he did not respond on his own. Several of the successful treatment techniques were being employed by the mother prior to any intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. A simultaneous treatment comparison of three expressive language training programs with a mute autistic child.A study was conducted in order to simultaneously compare the relative effectiveness of three different language training models (total communication sign training, nonverbal "sign-alone" training, and oral [vocal] training) for teaching expressive language skills to a 4 1/2-year-old mute autistic child. A single-subject, alternating-treatment (multielement) design with replication within subject was used to compare the rate of expressive word acquisition across training models. Results show the total communication model to be substantially superior to both oral and sign-alone training models, and place in question the theory of an intersensory integration disability to explain the success of sign language. Alternatively, the data suggest that the use of physical prompts combined with multisensory inputs provide a basis for the demonstrated success.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. A case of childhood shigellosis with mutism.Bacillary dysentery, an acute infection caused by various strains of shigella, is characterized by abdominal pain, tenesmus, and diarrhea with mucus, pus and blood. neurologic manifestations including meningismus, delirium and convulsions may accompany the infection. We describe a thirteen-year-old girl who presented with headache, convulsion and loss of consciousness at the onset and developed diarrhea with blood and pus after hospitalization. The diagnosis of shigellosis was based on clinical data and isolation of the microorganism in the stool specimen. After improved physical functions, the patient developed mutism that continued for two days in the course of her illness, despite having no history of neurologic or psychological problems. She was diagnosed by a psychiatrist with organic mental syndrome NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) according to DSM-III-R criteria. None of the conditions that may cause mutism could be confirmed. This is the first reported case of mutism accompanying shigellosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |