1/22. Traumatic fracture of the hyoid bone: three case presentations of cardiorespiratory compromise secondary to missed diagnosis.hyoid bone fractures secondary to blunt trauma other than strangulation are rare (ML Bagnoli et al., J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988; 46: 326-8), accounting for only 0.002 per cent of all fractures. The world literature reports only 21 cases. Surgical intervention involves airway management, treatment of associated pharyngeal perforations, and management of painful symptomatology. The importance of hyoid fracture, however, rests not with the rarity of it, but with the lethal potential of missed diagnosis. We submit three cases with varying presentations and management strategies. All three of our cases incurred injury by blunt trauma to the anterior neck. Two patients required emergent surgical airway after unsuccessful attempts at endotracheal intubation. One patient presented without respiratory distress and was managed conservatively. After fracture, the occult compressive forces of hematoma formation and soft tissue swelling may compromise airway patency. It is our clinical observation that hypoxia develops rapidly and without warning, leading to cardiorespiratory collapse. With endotracheal intubation prohibited by obstruction, a surgical airway must be established and maintained. Recognition of subtle clinical and physical findings are critical to the diagnosis of laryngotracheal complex injuries and may be life-saving in many instances. To ensure a positive outcome, a strong degree of suspicion based on mechanism of injury is mandated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. Unilateral osseous bridging between the arches of atlas and axis after trauma.STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of osseous bridging between C1 and C2 of posttraumatic origin and with an associated closed head injury and to discuss its pathogenesis and clinical outcome after surgical resection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Heterotopic ossifications of posttraumatic origin in the spine are rare. To the authors' knowledge, no cases have been reported of spontaneous bony bridging between C1 and C2 with a posttraumatic origin. methods: Heterotopic ossifications were detected when pain and limited axial rotation (left/right 10 degrees/0 degree/20 degrees) were persistent, despite intensive physical therapy. Because heterotopic ossifications were ankylosing C1 and C2, the decision was to resect the osseous bridge in combination with a careful mobilization of the cervical spine. Functional computed tomography was performed for analysis of the postoperative results. RESULTS: Four months after surgery, clinical examination showed asymptomatic increased axial rotation. Functional computed tomography indicated that left C1-C2 axial rotation was reduced, possibly related to impingement caused by residual bony spurs. Pathologic changes in the surrounding soft tissue may be another important factor in the persistent limitation of rotation. CONCLUSIONS: Osseous bridging between C1 and C2 may be considered when persistent pain and limited axial rotation are observed after trauma. Operative resection, together with careful intraoperative and postoperative mobilization, may be the treatment of choice.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. Myocardial contusion presented as acute myocardial infarction after chest trauma.A 46-year-old male patient developed an acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure following blunt chest trauma. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed acute anterior myocardial infarction. echocardiography showed akinesis of interventricular septum, dyskinesis in apical anterior wall, and severe impairment of left ventricular overall systolic function. coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. The patient followed a low-intensity physical medicine rehabilitation program. Follow-up was without new complications or deterioration of congestive heart failure. Five months later the patient presented with fulminant acute pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. Periaortic contrast medium extravasation on chest CT in traumatic aortic injury: a sign for immediate thoracotomy.Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) after blunt chest trauma is potentially a lethal condition. The injury must be diagnosed promptly and accurately. Evaluation for traumatic aortic injury begins with an assessment of mechanism of injury, a physical examination and chest radiography. In recent years, chest computed tomography (CT) has been advocated as a better screening tool to detect TAI but there is still controversial over the confirmatory diagnostic value of CT. For hemodynamically unstable patients in whom chest CT had shown direct sign of aortic injury and with periaortic contrast medium extravasation, we advocate that these patients should be operated on immediately without aortogram to avoid unnecessary delay. Herein, we describe a case of TAI with direct signs and periaortic contrast extravasation and discuss if chest CT can substitute an aortogram as a diagnostic tool when direct signs of TAI are revealed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.9002526101521keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. Laryngotracheal transection in blunt trauma of the neck.Laryngotracheal injuries are relatively rare following blunt trauma to the neck and chest but results in a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Complete disruption of the trachea is extremely rare and a systematic approach is needed for early diagnosis and management. The symptoms and physical signs do not necessarily correlate with the severity of injury as was observed in the presented cases here. An early diagnosis and surgical exploration is a must for a reasonably favourable outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. Fracture of the ankle associated with rupture of the achilles tendon: case report and review of the literature.SUMMARY: A thirty-five-year-old man fell two meters from a ladder and sustained a closed fracture of the medial malleolus with an ipsilateral complete achilles tendon rupture. The achilles tendon rupture was diagnosed by means of the patient's complaints and physical findings. The ankle fracture was diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographs. Such a combination of injuries has been reported infrequently in the literature, and striking similarities have been described in the mechanism of injury and fracture pattern. Remarkably, in three of four reports the combined injury was initially misdiagnosed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. Bilateral obturator dislocation of the hip.A case of a traumatic bilateral obturator dislocation of the hip and right side acetabular fracture in a 23-year-old man is presented. The patient was managed conservatively. After follow-up time of 24 months, the result was excellent. The importance of a pelvic radiograph and physical examination of the extremities after significant major trauma are emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.9002526101521keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. Pelvic injuries in child abuse.Three cases of child abuse are described in which pelvic injuries were prominent findings on radiologic examination: Two patients had pelvic fractures, and one was found to have heterotopic ossification of the soft tissues of the pelvis and thighs corresponding to extensive bruising in the pubic, genital, buttock, and thigh areas, resulting from physical and sexual abuse. These represent uncommon radiographic findings. Skeletal survey in cases of suspected child abuse should include the entire pelvis, and special attention should be paid to the ischiopubic rami the most common site of these rare pelvic injuries.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Four-year review of burns as an etiologic factor in the development of long bone fractures in pediatric patients.Reduced bone density has been documented in children after burns. This loss of bone may place children at heightened risk for fractures. The medical records of all acutely injured patients with burns in excess of 40% TBSA burn admitted to our institution between January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2000, were reviewed for fracture incidence. patients with fractures sustained during the course of initial trauma were not included in the review. One hundred four records were reviewed. These patients had a mean age of 6.7 /- 0.51 years, (range, 0.2 to 18.0) and a mean %TBSA burn of 59.9 /- 1.60 (range, 40 to 98) with a mean full-thickness %burn of 51.7 /- 2.16 (range, 0 to 95). Fifteen long bone fractures were documented in six patients during the review time frame. All fractures were initially suspected by physical therapy personnel upon regularly scheduled therapy sessions and subsequently verified by x-ray. All fractures identified by this review occurred in children less than 3 years of age. Most fractures were noted during the rehabilitation phase of injury (range, 73 to 283 days after burn) once wounds were more than 95% healed, except for one child, who sustained multiple fractures during the acute recovery phase at a referring hospital. A 5.8% incidence of fractures was noted in patients with burns in excess of 40% (6 of 104 admissions). The etiology of the fractures is unknown, although the hormonal milieu postburn, depressed vitamin d status, inadequate protein intake, and decreased weight-bearing activity are potential contributory factors. In addition, infants and toddlers tend to provide more resistance to therapy because of an inherent lack of cognition. This may account for the increased breaks in this population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Extreme risk taker who wants to continue taking part in high risk sports after serious injury.The case is reported of a 40 year old male high risk sport athlete who had seriously injured himself several times and as a result was partially physically disabled and had trouble with mental tasks requiring concentration such as spelling, reading numbers, and writing. The athlete was referred to a sports psychologist. In consultations, it became clear that he was having difficulty reconciling the difference between his life as it used to be and as it would be in the future. Part of his difficulty was dealing with the frustration and anger "outbursts" which resulted from not being able to perform straightforward everyday motor skills. In spite of his injuries and disability, the patient badly wanted to continue participating in extreme sports. Reversal theory is used in the discussion to provide theoretical explanations of the motivation for his extreme risk taking behaviour.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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