1/23. Relearning and subsequent forgetting of semantic category exemplars in a case of semantic dementia.Over 15 months of longitudinal assessment, a patient with semantic dementia, D.M., improved on tests of naming and category fluency for a specific set of items (Experiment 1). The authors attribute this to his home drill with the names of these concepts plus pictures and descriptions of them. In Experiment 2, D.M. produced significantly more exemplars on category fluency for semantic categories that he had been practicing at home than for nonpracticed categories, an effect that cannot be attributed to an inherent difference between the 2 sets because the fluency performance of control participants revealed no significant difference between the 2 sets. In Experiment 3, D.M. rehearsed some of his previously nonpracticed categories daily for a period of 2 weeks: His fluency scores on the experimental categories improved substantially, but they declined once he ceased the daily drill. The results are discussed with respect to current views of long-term memory, particularly new word learning and forgetting, and to current techniques for facilitating word finding in aphasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/23. Is there a syndrome of tuberothalamic artery infarction? A case report and critical review.Short-term post-acute neuropsychological, neurological, and neuroradiological test results and a 16-month follow-up of a 65-year-old patient with a right hemisphere ischemic lesion in the tuberothalamic area of vascular supply are reported. During a 6-week period of examinations the originally left- but trained right-handed patient exhibited fluctuating neuropsychological disorders including aphasia, visuo-perceptive and visuoconstructive disorders, and memory and attention deficits. In the follow-up examination the patient exhibited no aphasia and significant improvements in most neuropsychological tasks. Based on three-dimensional reconstruction of MRI, lesion topography and involvement of thalamic nuclei were established. We discuss the neuropsychological and neurological symptoms of the present case against the background of the 'syndrome of unilateral tuberothalamic artery territory infarction' proposed by Bogousslavsky and coworkers (1986) and the neuropsychological literature on unilateral ischemic anterior/anterolateral thalamic infarction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/23. Postencephalitic pure anomic aphasia: 2-year follow-up.We report a patient with pure anomic aphasia following encephalitis. brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral temporal lesions, and subsequent focal atrophy in the left anterior inferior temporal lobe. Over the course of a 2-year follow-up, the patient's naming difficulty persisted without other dysfunction of language or memory. These observations indicate a contribution of the left anterior inferior temporal region to object naming.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/23. Penetrating brain injury with nasal entry by a plastic stick. Case report.A case of a 52-year-old male presented with an unusual penetrating brain injury with nasal entry. At admission he had erythema of periorbital soft tissue in the left eye and epistaxis. His neurological condition was lethargic (glasgow coma scale of 13) with nonfluent aphasia. Computed tomography scan revealed intracranial contusion hematoma in the left frontal lobe and fracture of the left frontal base, which were treated surgically. At the 6-month follow-up he still showed nonfluent aphasia. Disturbances, mostly cognitive, were noted on his psychological tests. A survey of the literature reveals a few cases of this nature in penetrating brain injury with nasal entry. A penetrating brain injury with nasal entry which causes nonfluent aphasia is discussing.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/23. Acute conduction aphasia: an analysis of 20 cases.In this study, the linguistic performance of 20 patients with acute conduction aphasia (CA) is described. CA presented as a relatively homogeneous aphasic syndrome characterized by a severe impairment of repetition and fluent expressive language functions with frequent phonemic paraphasias, repetitive self-corrections, word-finding difficulties, and paraphrasing. language comprehension as assessed by tests of auditory and reading comprehension was only mildly impaired, whereas most patients performed poorly on the Token Test. Verbal-auditory short-term memory was reduced in all patients except one and seems to play a role in associated cognitive deficits, such as impaired syntactic comprehension or reduced mental arithmetics. A follow-up examination of 12 patients showed that CA often resulted in a chronic language deficit. Lesion locations were the posterior temporal and inferior parietal lobe.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/23. Neuroradiologic and clinical abnormalities in dementia of diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (Kosaka-Shibayama disease).We describe a characteristic dementia patient diagnosed as diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC). Neuropsychologically, dementia, including a decline in memory retention and intelligence, and anomic aphasia were recognized. Imaging revealed circumscribed temporal dominant atrophy and calcification of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. SPECT and FDG-PET revealed a remarkable reduction of blood flow and metabolism in the temporal lobes; however, there is no reduction in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and FDOPA-PET also disclosed no abnormalities. This suggests that calcification and neuronal degeneration occur independently in DNTC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/23. Intraventricular meningiomas: a review of 16 cases with reference to the literature.BACKGROUND: Primary intraventricular meningiomas are notably rare with an incidence of 0.5 to 3% among all intracranial meningiomas. We present a series of 16 patients with histologically verified intraventricular meningiomas, the clinical and neuroradiological findings, and surgical results. methods: The charts of the patients including surgical records, discharge letters, histologic records, follow up records and imaging studies were analyzed retrospectively from 1978 to 2001. RESULTS: Collectively, 110 primary intraventricular tumors were surgically resected in our neurosurgical department from 1983 through 2001. There were 16 patients with primary intraventricular meningiomas. Thirteen (81.3%) of these tumors were located in the lateral ventricles, one (6.2%) in the third and two (12.5%) in the forth ventricle. Mean age was 47.1 years and there was no difference in incidence between the sexes. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were headache, mental change, and hemianopia. Other symptoms included gait ataxia, vertigo, hemiparesis, double vision, aphasia, and alexia/agraphia. On CT and MR studies most of the lateral ventricular meningiomas were located in the trigone (11 cases), two tumors originated at the level of foramen of Monro or in the frontal horn. The tumors were approached via a transcortical parieto-occipital (11 cases), transcallosal (3 cases), or median suboccipital (2 cases) route. Total removal was achieved in 15 out of 16 cases. There was no operative mortality. Clinical improvement was seen in symptoms like headaches, paresis, cerebellar signs and visual disturbances, whereas mental change showed less improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraventricular meningiomas are quite rare, they represent an important differential diagnosis of intraventricular neoplasms. They can reach a substantial size by the time of diagnosis, yet total removal can be achieved in most cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/23. A computational account of deep dysphasia: evidence from a single case study.We present a case study of a patient, NC, who demonstrates the defining characteristics of deep dysphasia including semantic errors in repetition and an inability to repeat nonwords. In addition, NC's single word repetition and lexical decision performances are influenced by the imageability of the word input. NC also demonstrates a severely restricted phonological short-term memory (one digit, one word). Although his phonological discrimination is good in a minimal pairs judgment task, it becomes impaired when a delay is imposed or rehearsal is prevented between presentation of each member of a pair. NC's output is fluent but contains many formal paraphasias and neologisms. NC's total language profile is evaluated within the framework of Dell's (1986) interactive spreading activation model of language production. Adapting this output model to input processes, we account for all of NC's deep dysphasic symptoms as well as his pattern of production in a way that is more parsimonious than other attempts to model this disorder. In particular, we suggest that the semantic and formal paraphasias in naming and repetition result from a pathological increase in the rate of decay of primed nodes in the semantic-lexical-phonological network. This rapid decay increases the probability that phonologically and/or semantically related lexical nodes primed by top-down and bottom-up feedback during the operation of lexical activation and retrieval will be activated and selected instead of the lexical target. The advantages of using this model to account for aphasic symptoms and the implications for other lexical theories are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/23. Segregation of the neural correlates of language and phonological short-term memory.A left-handed patient is reported who developed a selective deficit of phonological short-term memory, but not aphasia, following an ischaemic lesion in the temporal parietal region of the left hemisphere The phonological short-term store was selectively damaged compared to the rehearsal system. The patient also showed impaired comprehension of spoken (but not written) connected language. This study suggests that language and phonological short-term memory may be mediated by segregated neural systems that develop independently in the two hemispheres. The relationship between phonological short-term memory and auditory comprehension is also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/23. Neuropsychological deficits associated with a tumour in the posterior corpus callosum: a report of two cases.This study reports two patients with tumours arising from the splenium of the corpus callosum that caused a memory disturbance consistent with retrosplenial amnesia as well as a variety of cognitive deficits including agraphia, acalculia, constructional apraxia and ideomotor and ideational apraxia involving both hands, but not aphasia. patients showed disorientation to time and place, impaired recent memory and memorizing capacity; immediate and remote memory were preserved. Despite impaired performance intelligence quotients (IQ), verbal IQ was relatively spared. patients also showed disconnection symptoms including bilateral crossed visuomotor ataxia and alexia to stimuli presented in the right visual field. In both cases, the tumour of the splenium had provoked surrounding oedema extending to the left parietal and occipital lobes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = aphasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |