1/137. Lymphomatosis cerebri presenting as a rapidly progressive dementia: clinical, neuroimaging and pathologic findings.Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) usually presents with clinical and neuroimaging findings consistent with single or multiple intracranial mass lesions. On cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such lesions are nearly always contrast enhancing, reflecting disruption of the blood-brain barrier at the site of tumor nodules. We describe 2 cases from the UCLA Medical Center who developed a rapidly progressive dementia due to extensive gray and white matter cerebral lesions involving much of the brain. In the patient who came to autopsy, widely infiltrating, focally necrotic B-cell plasmacytoid lymphoma was noted throughout the cerebral neuraxis. MRI findings in case 2 were consistent with diffuse lymphomatous brain infiltration without mass lesions, which was biopsy proven. We conclude that PCNSL may occur in a diffusely infiltrating form which may occur without MRI evidence of mass lesions or blood-brain barrier compromise. We refer to this entity as 'lymphomatosis cerebri' and add it to the differential diagnosis of a rapidly progressive dementia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = central nervous system, nervous system, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/137. Cerebral and renal embolization after lymphography in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: case report.An unusual case of lipid embolization to brain and kidney after lymphography in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the upper anterior mediastinum is reported. Contrast material-enhanced echocardiography demonstrated a right-to-left shunt to the left atrium without evidence of a patent foramen ovale. Echo contrast particles were transiently present within the tumor surrounding the great vessels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.017842644092593keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/137. Primary malignant lymphoma of brain. A review of four cases diagnosed by means of CT-guided stereotactic biopsy.In a series of 66 CT-guided stereotactic biopsies (SB) of the brain performed in 1995-1998, four were found to be the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (PCNSL). All cases were studied with immunohistochemistry (broad panel of antibodies; reactions performed mainly on cytological smears) and with the use of an electron microscopy. In an immunophenotyping all cases were positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and 3/4 showed B-cell phenotype. Since the PCNSL are typically located in central, periventricular region of brain and the surgical removal does not bring any benefit, the stereotactic biopsy is a method of choice to make a definite diagnosis that opens the chances for implementation of chemo- and radiotherapy. The diagnostic difficulties that are derivatives of an extremely small amount of the available biopsy material were discussed and the role of the immunophenotyping and of the electron microscopy for avoiding the possible diagnostic mistakes was stressed. Cytological smears stained with H&E and the smears and histological slides with immunohistochemical reaction against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showing sometimes extremely dense network of astrocytes mingled with neoplastic lymphoma cells are especially interesting and seem to suggest the involvement of astroglia in the pathogenesis of PCNSL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.10705586455556keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/137. Hypophyseal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with diabetes insipidus: a case report.We report the case of a 64 year old male patient with a history of ischemic heart disease who underwent surgery for an abdominal mass. The histological diagnosis was highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After surgery the patient was admitted to our Department and received 6 courses of chemotherapy according to the COP schedule, followed by radiotherapy to the left upper abdominal region and ipsilateral lung base. The patient achieved partial remission. One month later he began to complain of left axillary lymphadenomegaly, polydipsia and polyuria. A NMR brain scan showed a hypophyseal mass. The patient was treated with DDAVP and chemotherapy with the PRO-MACE protocol; the polyuria and lymphadenomegaly disappeared and the size of the hypophyseal mass reduced markedly. The clinical picture was, therefore, attributed to a hypophyseal localization of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a very rare manifestation of lymphomatous spread to the central nervous system. Our case is also interesting because it shows that a favorable outcome can be obtained with chemotherapy, provided that the latter is sufficiently aggressive. This is not necessarily the case with radiotherapy which may also be followed by late and severe neurologic sequelae.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.94647206772222keywords = central nervous system, nervous system, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/137. Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in a child with systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.PURPOSE: To report on a case of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and unilateral combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion. METHOD: We examined a 14-year-old boy who experienced a sudden unilateral visual loss five months after the initial diagnosis of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULT: Visual loss was due to combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in association with tumoral optic nerve involvement. CONCLUSION: Although very rare systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may present with central retinal artery and vein occlusion prior to overt central nervous system involvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.92862942362963keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/137. Primary cardiac lymphoma. A case report and review.Primary cardiac lymphoma is classically defined as an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma exclusively located in the heart and/or pericardium. However, over the last few years, this definition has been extended to include other localizations on condition that these are clearly less important then a cardiac site, that must remain the first, during the illness course, and the most important for its entity. PCL is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients, accounting for 1.3% of all cardiac tumours and 0.5% of all extranodal lymphomas, but it has been encountered with increasing frequency in patients with AIDS or other severe immunodepressive syndromes. PCL is difficult to diagnose, especially during the early stage of the disease, because of its non-specific clinical manifestations, the limited possibility of using non-invasive diagnostic techniques, and difficulties or delays in applying invasive methods. The malignancy of its histotypes and its delicate location are responsible for its rapid and frequently unfavourable evolution. Successful treatment, which is mainly based on anthracycline-containing polychemotherapies, is heavily dependent on an early diagnosis. After a general review of the literature, the authors describe the clinical case of a patient with a PCL that had a secondary central nervous system location, treated with polychemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is more difficult to eradicate the disease from the central nervous system than from the heart.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8572588472593keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/137. Neurologic sequelae of treatment of primary CNS lymphomas.Novel efficient and aggressive treatment protocols for primary CNS lymphomas have resulted in an increasing number of long term survivors. Follow up data show that in a substantial fraction of these patients, treatment benefits are overshadowed by neurotoxic sequelae. Neurotoxicity especially affects the older age group, presenting as cognitive dysfunction, ataxia or dementia as a consequence of leukoencephalopathy and brain atrophy. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy seems to be particularly hazardous, though data are too sparse to draw any definite conclusions yet. Long term follow up of patients included in clinical studies therefore should not only evaluate survival or time to tumour progression, but also serial neuropsychometric evaluation and quality of life assessment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.017842644092593keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/137. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with an acute clinical onset and a wide variability in severity and outcome. It usually follows a viral infection or an immunization and is thought to be immuno- mediated. We report a case of ADEM with a dramatic clinical onset in an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) recipient for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed the neurologic syndrome 12 days after PBSC reinfusion. This is the first report of ADEM in the setting of autologous PBSCT, a therapeutic procedure performed with increasing frequency in a wide variety of hematologic and solid malignancies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.92862942362963keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/137. Lack of CD 29 (beta1 integrin) and CD 54 (ICAM-1) adhesion molecules in intravascular lymphomatosis.Intravascular Lymphomatosis (IL) is a rare and usually aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the growth of neoplastic cells within vascular lumina that usually presents with skin or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The mechanism(s) for the selective intravascular growth of this neoplasm remain(s) unexplained. We now report clinical and immunohistologic data on surgical material from 6 cases of IL; in 4 of 6 cases, autopsies were performed. Our IL cases shared the following features: (1) B-cell lineage; (2) lack of skin involvement at presentation; (3) aggressive behavior; and (4) lack of extravascular lymphomatous masses; in addition, 1 case had an associated gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma. We studied by immunohistochemistry formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections with monoclonal antibodies to molecules known to be involved in lymphocyte and endothelial adhesion phenomena, that is, CD29 (beta1 integrin subunit), CD43 (leukosialin), CD44 (H-CAM), CD54 (ICAM-1), embryonal N-CAM (e-NCAM), and EMA (episialin). In all cases, the surfaces of IL aggregates reacted for CD44 but were consistently negative for CD29; also absent was CD54. Conversely, the integrity of the endothelial cells was underscored by their even reactivity for CD29, CD44, and CD54. Given that CD29 is currently regarded as critical for lymphocyte trafficking in general and for transvascular migration in particular, and CD54 is also involved in transvascular lymphocyte migration, we conclude that their consistent absence in IL may contribute to its intravascular and disseminated distribution pattern. The rather frequent association of IL with various conventional lymphomas is known; yet, one of our cases appears to be the first report of IL associated with a low-grade MALT lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.92862942362963keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/137. Isolated primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the B-cell type is the second most common neoplasm in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection after Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The majority of cases of NHL in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) involve extranodal sites; most frequently the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS). Hepatic NHL in patients with AIDS was first described by Reichert et al in 1983 in an autopsy series. It usually presents with multiple large hepatic masses and involvement of other abdominal organs or lymph nodes. The authors present a case of primary hepatic NHL in a patient with AIDS, presenting with innumerable small intrahepatic masses without the involvement of any other organs.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.92862942362963keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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