1/44. Sudden recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis due to apoplexy of parathyroid adenoma.Neoplastic lesions of the parathyroid are rare, and most of these are adenomas. Even rarer is a secondary involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A case is presented of sudden onset hoarseness in a 64-year-old man caused by acute vocal cord paralysis due to bleeding within an adenoma of the lower right parathyroid gland. Acute onset of vocal cord paralysis is rarely associated with benign processes; the current case is only the second report associated with parathyroid adenoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/44. Neonatal stridor in association with herpes simplex infection of the larynx.herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the neonatal period may be confined to the eyes, skin and upper aerodigestive tract or may be widely disseminated to other organs, with particular recognition of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) causing herpes encephalitis (Whitley et al., 1980a, b; Andersen, 1987). Primary laryngeal HSV infection is extremely uncommon. We present a case of acute neonatal stridor secondary to such localized disease and discuss its management.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/44. Laryngeal scleroma.Respiratory scleroma is a chronic, progressive granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract. The causal organism is the klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. The disease has three stages: the initial catarrhal stage, granulomatous stage, and sclerotic stage. The object of this report was to determine the clinical behaviour of the laryngeal scleroma. The study included 17 patients with this manifestation characterized by airway obstruction and dysphonia. The report revealed that respiratory scleroma affected the larynx in 40%, and the principal findings were glottic/subglottic stenosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/44. Lingeous conjunctivitis with tracheal obstruction. A case report, with light and electron microscopy findings.A white male infant of 1 year had unilateral membranous conjunctivitis and severe laryngotracheobronchitis which required tracheostomy. Cultures from eye and throat swabs and of fluid suctioned through the tracheostomy grew many organisms, including H. influenzae, adenovirus type 3, and candida species, but he had no specific immunologic disturbance. Ligneous conjunctivitis was diagnosed. The infant's general condition responded slowly to intensive therapy but the membrane continued to slough off the regrow. The excised membrane contained massive subepithelial deposits of eosinophilic material and a moderately vascular chronic inflammatory-cell infiltrate with numerous mast cells in the perivascular spaces and the hyaline membrane. The conjunctivitis cleared when treated with topical sodium cromoglycate (Intal), a known inhibitor of mediator release from mast-cell granules. The success of Intal therapy in this case supports the theory that mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of ligneous conjunctivitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/44. sarcoidosis of the pediatric larynx.sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown pathogenesis. Reports of sarcoidosis are much less common in the pediatric literature than in the adult literature. The disease is usually systemic; rarely, however, single organs are affected. Isolated laryngeal involvement is an unusual presentation. We report a well-documented case of isolated laryngeal sarcoidosis in a 14-year-old white boy who presented to our institution with a 6-month history of dysphonia, dyspnea on exertion, and extremely sonorous snoring at night owing to his supraglottic airway disease. To our knowledge, this is only the second case of isolated laryngeal sarcoidosis reported in the pediatric literature. We review the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment with carbon dioxide laser epiglottectomy and intralesional glucocorticoid deposition, which resulted in marked resolution of our patient's symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/44. lingual nerve injury during suspension microlaryngoscopy.lingual nerve injury is an uncommon complication of laryngoscopy. We report a case of isolated unilateral lingual nerve injury that occurred during suspension microlaryngoscopy. The injury was transient, with complete return of sensation within 3 months after surgery. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the occurrence of lingual nerve injury during laryngoscopy, including direct compression of the nerve caused by the laryngoscope, stretching of the nerve caused by cricoid pressure or instrumentation, and compression of the nerve between the medial and lateral pterygoid caused by manipulation of the mandible. The precise mechanism of injury in this case was not obvious, but stretching of the lingual nerve caused by pressure of the suspended laryngoscope on the tongue or retrolingual region was likely. The transient nature of the injury and the rapid return of the nerve to baseline function in this case are consistent with a neurapraxic injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.4keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/44. sarcoidosis with vocal fold involvement and hypercalcaemia.sarcoidosis affects many different organ systems. However, laryngeal involvement is rare and most cases with laryngeal involvement affect the supraglottis, occasionally secondarily extending to the vocal fold. The features of sarcoidosis in the supraglottic region have been described in several reports, but vocal fold involvement has not been presented in detail. We report an unusual case of laryngeal sarcoidosis initially involving the vocal folds in a 66-year-old man, associated with hypercalcaemia. Our report describes characteristics of the involved vocal folds. Hypercalcaemia is one of the characteristics of sarcoidosis. We concluded that laryngeal sarcoidosis should be added to the differential diagnosis of vocal fold lesions, particularly in patients with hypercalcaemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/44. Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) granuloma of the neck: Surgical considerations.Summary--Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) is a contrast material which was first used for angiography about 40 years ago. Its use was discontinued because of the reported incidences of malignancy following injection. Its long-term effects are related to its long half-life and slow excretion rate. Following extravasation into the soft tissues of the neck, the prolonged radiation effect results in tissue breakdown with formation of granulomas. There can also be cranial nerve palsies, occlusion of the major blood channels, laryngeal edema, pharyngeal and esophageal ulceration, and fistula formation. To avoid these late consequences, it is suggested that Thorotrast granuloma in the neck be excised radically. Partial or limited resections are inadequate.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/44. Orolaryngeal sarcoidosis presenting as obstructive sleep apnoea.A 53-year-old man was evaluated for snoring, dysphagia for solid foods and difficulty of breathing and a polysomnographic recording was consistent with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). A flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) showed the presence of a nodular lesion of the posterior ventral surface of the tongue strictly connected to the left lateral border of the epiglottis. The biopsy specimen taken from the lesion was consistent with sarcoidosis. No involvement of pulmonary parenchyma, lymph nodes or other organs was recognized. After two months of steroid treatment, symptoms disappeared and resolution of the nodular lesion at the FFB and normalization of the polysomnographic recording were observed. This is the first report of orolaryngeal sarcoidosis associated with OSAS as the only clinical presentation of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/44. Tardive dystonia of the larynx in a quadriplegic patient: an unusual cause of stridor.We describe a case of a quadriplegic brain-damaged man with severe upper airway obstruction. A diagnosis of tardive dystonia affecting the vocal folds was made and confirmed by flexible nasopharyngoscopy. Emergency tracheotomy was required. The tardive movement disorder resolved with discontinuation of thioridazine. This case serves to heighten awareness of potentially serious airway complications associated with the use of anti-psychotics and anti-emetics particularly in those with organic brain disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.079110794667932keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |