1/15. Geniculate hemianopias: incongruous visual defects from partial involvement of the lateral geniculate nucleus.Quantitative perimetric studies in 4 patients with involvement of a lateral geniculate nucleus revealed strikingly incongruous defects in the corresponding homonymous fields of vision. The patterns of these hemianopias are analysed and correlated anatomically with established retinotopic projections on the six cellular laminae of the geniculate nucleus. Incongruous wedge-shaped field defects appear to be pathognomonic of focal disease in the dorsal crest of the geniculate nucleus. Other patterns typify lesions of the medical or lateral horns of the nucleus. On theoretical grounds monocular hemianopic defects should result from unilaminar geniculate lesions, but this perimetric sign awaits confirmation. In each case of geniculate disease where the retinal nerve fibre layer has been examined specifically for efidence of retrograde homonymous atrophy, typical hemiretinal signs were found to be present.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Angioganglioglioma: a transitional form between angioglioma and gangioglioma?The authors describe for the first time an unusual cerebral tumor with unique clinical history, composed of 3 components: pilocytic astrocytoma, vascular proliferations similar to those described as arteriovanous malformations, and a neoplastic ganglion component. These three components were intimately entangled and created the tumor mass. Thus the authors propose the term angioganglioglioma for this entity. The relation to the historically defined anglioglioma and tumors related to ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is discussed. The authors believe that this lesion, in regard to the clinical presentation (long course of the disease, clinical symptoms), is closely associated with ganglioglioma and, with other morphological features, also to angioglioma. Further, it may constitute a new distinct clinicopathological entity with neoplastic and hamartomatous features.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.0715333377886keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Dorsolateral pontine hemorrhage producing pure sensory stroke.Pure sensory stroke predominantly results from lacunar infarction in the posteroventral nucleus of the thalamus. We report the history of a young nonhypertensive male presenting with pure sensory stroke due to hemorrhage of a small arteriovenous malformation in the dorsolateral part of the pons. In contrast to the extent of the lesion, only minor degree of objective sensory loss was observed. Furthermore, our observation is unique in that it is the first presentation of this syndrome with that particular location.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. facial pain due to vascular lesions of the brain stem relieved by dorsal root entry zone lesions in the nucleus caudalis. Report of two cases.One patient with a pontine infarct due to a fusiform basilar artery aneurysm and one with an arteriovenous malformation within the tectum of the mesencephalon developed intractable facial pain. This pain was relieved in both patients by radiofrequency lesions in the dorsal root entry zone of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.625keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation and arteriovenous fistula in posterior fossa compression syndrome.To discuss the problem of neuroradiological preoperative procedures in patients with therapy-resistant facial pain, we present 3 case examples of vascular processes in the cerebellopontine angle (aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula). The microsurgical treatment in combination with artificial embolization is described. The vascular causes of microvascular compression at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve and malformations involving the nucleus caudalis are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Dissolution of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate on long-term follow-up.Eight patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the basal ganglionic and deep parietooccipital regions and one patient with an AVM in the shoulder region showed resorption of the isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate cast and recanalization of the arteries after delayed follow-up angiography. All the AVMs were large, had multiple arterial pedicles, and revealed significant obliteration of the AVM immediately after embolotherapy. Although a 50-75% obliteration was achieved immediately after embolization, follow-up angiography 6-20 months later revealed almost the original status. The residual bucrylate cast was disproportionately small compared with the recanalized malformation in seven patients, while in two patients there was no evidence of bucrylate on plain films. Degradation of bucrylate probably is due to the lysosomal activity of the endothelial cells. The results from our nine patients with some degree of resorption of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate and six with recanalized AVMs 6-20 months after embolization suggest that operable AVMs should be excised soon after embolotherapy and inoperable AVMs should be embolized as completely as possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 23.454779526957keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle.Ten patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) predominantly involving the lateral ventricle were operated upon. All the AVM's were not large, less than 2 cm in diameter. Four AVM's were located in the head of the caudate nucleus; 3 were resected through frontal transcortical (transventricular) approach and 1 was excised through anterior transcallosal approach. Two of the former and the latter gave excellent results. Two AVM's located in the temporal horn and trigon in the dominant hemisphere were excised by middle temporal gyrus approach with excellent results. Four AVM's on the dorsal aspect of the thalamus were removed through posterior transcallosal approach with excellent results in 2 and good ones in 1. The brain incision should be as small as possible to enter the lateral ventricle. Position of the patients is also very important. Exposure to excise the AVM's predominantly located in the lateral ventricle is briefly discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. association of a ganglioneuroma with an arteriovenous malformation: case report.The unusual concurrence of a brain tumor and an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is discussed in this case report. A 12-year-old child presented with a severe headache, and an intracerebral mass was found on neuroradiological study. At operation, we encountered a superficial AVM, not shown on the computed tomogram or arteriogram. At a second procedure, a ganglioneuroma was removed. The literature on the concurrence of these two entities is reviewed; comments are made on the pathology of ganglion cell tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 36.429200026732keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Caudate hemorrhage.Thirteen patients with caudate hemorrhage are described. All the hemorrhages were in the head of the caudate nucleus, and all the hemorrhages but one ruptured in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. In 9 patients, the hemorrhage was related to hypertension and the patients were older. In the other 4 patients, the hemorrhage resulted from rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and the patients were under 40 years old. Clinical manifestations were nearly the same in both groups, suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage and including hemiparesis in most patients. In patients with hypertension, good recovery was obtained by conservative treatment and in those with ruptured AVMs, resection of AVMs through an anterior transcallosal approach may be safe and recommended.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. hyperglycemia-induced hemichoreoathetosis: the presenting manifestation of a vascular malformation of the lenticular nucleus.A 72-year-old diabetic woman developed paroxysmal hemichoreoathetosis during an episode of nonketotic hyperglycemia. The movement disorder abated as the blood glucose normalized. A computed tomographic scan revealed a vascular malformation involving the lenticular nucleus on the side contralateral to the dyskinesia. hyperglycemia has rarely been reported to cause episodic dyskinesias, but there have been no prior reports of patients with striatal vascular abnormalities in whom hyperglycemia seemingly caused a transient movement disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.625keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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