1/11. Multiple nutritional deficiencies in infants from a strict vegetarian community.Severe nutritional deficiencies developed in four infants from a new vegan religious community. They had received breast milk until the age of 3 months; thereafter, breast milk was supplemented with or replaced by extremely low caloric-density preparations. All of the infants had profound protein-caloric malnutrition, severe rickets, osteoporosis, and vitamin B12 and other deficiencies. One infant died, while the three others had an uneventful recovery. After discharge of the infants from the hospital, the community responded well to a modification of the infants' diet, which did not violate their vegetarian philosophy. However, they refused to give their infants vitamin B12 on a regular basis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Neonatal hypernatraemic dehydration and malnutrition associated with inadequate breastfeeding and elevated breast milk sodium.The advantages of breastfeedng to both the mother and infant are well recognised. In rare instances if breasteding is inadequate or if the sodium content bast milk is high, malnutrition and hypernatraemia can result. A 15 days old exclusively breastfed baby presented with inadequate weight gain. On evaluation, he was found to have hypernatraemia and mother's breast milk showed high sodium concentrations. The infant needed parenteral fluid for correction of dehydration and hypernatraemia. His serum sodium and breast milk sodium of the other of the mother returned to normal gradually. He started gaining weight on exclusive breastfeeds. The present paper describes the case report and brief review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Phrynoderma: a manifestation of vitamin a deficiency?...The rest of the story.Phrynoderma is a distinctive form of follicular hyperkeratosis associated with nutritional deficiency. Although originally thought to represent vitamin a deficiency, several studies have demonstrated multiple etiologies. Characteristic skin lesions are hyperkeratotic papules that first appear on the extensor surfaces of the extremities, shoulders, and buttocks. We report a 14-month-old boy with malnourishment and hyperkeratotic papules and plaques with histologic changes typical of phrynoderma. Despite an extensive evaluation, a specific nutritional deficiency was not identified. Phrynoderma is believed to be a manifestation of severe malnutrition, not necessarily accompanying low vitamin A levels. While the literature supports a link between phrynoderma and vitamins E, B, A, and essential fatty acids general malnutrition seems to be the strongest association. The clinical picture typically improves with enhanced nutritional status. Phrynoderma must be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with extensor surface hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in the setting of malnourishment and should prompt the clinician to evaluate cell markers of nutritional status, not just vitamin A. We believe this patient exemplifies the conundrum that faces clinicians in evaluating patients with extensor surface predominant hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in the setting of malnourishment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. Polymicrobial bacterial sepsis and defective neutrophil chemotaxis in an infant with cystic fibrosis.A 4 1/2-month-old, white girl was admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress and persistent polymicrobial bacteremia. cystic fibrosis associated with malnutrition and a transient defect in peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis was diagnosed. This remarkable combination of presenting features in a patient with cystic fibrosis is the focus of this case report.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Abnormal sweat electrolytes in a case of celiac disease and a case of psychosocial failure to thrive. review of other reported causes.sweat electrolytes were initially elevated in a child who was diagnosed as having celiac disease and also in one with psychosocial failure to thrive. Subsequent sweat tests were normal after nutritional status of the patients had improved with therapy. The reports of elevated sweat electrolytes in conditions other than cystic fibrosis are discussed. It is emphasized that sweat test methods other than the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis method are not reliable. The occurrence of false-positive sweat tests demonstrates the need for care in the interpretation of elevated sweat electrolytes and the necessity of performing repeat quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis for the establishment of the diagnosis of CF. celiac disease and malnutrition from other causes may cause sweat electrolytes to be elevated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Critical malnutrition in breast-fed infants. Three case reports.Three breast-fed infants of primiparous women had hypothermia, azotemia, and severe dehydration and malnutrition. No disease entities were identified. Although the cause of inadequate breast nutrition was unclear, these cases underscore the necessity for close follow-up and support of first-born breast-feeding babies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. malnutrition and hypernatremic dehydration in breast-fed infants.Despite the well-recognized advantages of breast-feeding to both mother and child, malnutrition of breast-fed infants can occur. We report two cases of breast-fed infants with cachexia, hypernatremia, and, in the one case in which it was measured, an elevated level of breast-milk sodium. These cases, along with several reported previously, emphasize the need for proper education and close and early follow-up of the nursing mother and infant, especially since a lack of parental awareness can be part of this syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Critical weight loss and malnutrition in breast-fed infants.In four infants of primiparous mothers, critical dehydration, hypothermia, and azotemia developed while they were being breast-fed exclusively. Three had significant hypernatremia, one had a perforated duodenal ulcer, and one had transient renal failure. Although the causes of the inadequate nutrition are unclear, these cases emphasize the necessity of close follow-up for breast-fed babies, especially those of primiparous mothers and those in whom there has been excessive weight loss while in the hospital.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Congenital enterocyte heparan sulphate deficiency with massive albumin loss, secretory diarrhoea, and malnutrition.BACKGROUND: The molecular basis of protein-losing enteropathy is unknown. However it has been shown that sulphated glycosaminoglycans may be important in regulating vascular and renal albumin loss. methods: We describe three baby boys who presented within the first weeks of life with massive enteric protein loss, secretory diarrhoea, and intolerance of enteral feeds. All required total parenteral nutrition and repeated albumin infusions. No cause could be found in any case despite extensive investigations, including small intestinal biopsy sampling, which were repeatedly normal. FINDINGS: By specific histochemistry, we detected gross abnormality in the distribution of small intestinal glycosaminoglycans in all three infants, with complete absence of enterocyte heparan sulphate. The distribution of vascular and lamina propria glycosaminoglycans was, however, normal. INTERPRETATION: The presentation of these infants suggests that enterocyte heparan sulphate is important in normal small intestinal function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. Reversible brain atrophy and reversible developmental retardation in a malnourished infant.An 11-month-old infant suffering from microcephalus, developmental delay, severe failure to thrive and marked cortical atrophy on brain CT is presented. The cause of this condition was total calorie malnutrition induced by the emotional dysfunction of the mother. Improvement of the maternal-infant relationship, combined with appropriate nutrition, transformed the infant within 2 months into a normally developing baby with body weight and head circumference within the normal percentile range. A corresponding improvement was found in the brain CT.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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