1/12. Clinicopathological experience with intraventricular neurocytomas.Intraventricular neurocytoma is a rare clinicopathological entity that has been recently described. We are reporting our experience with four diagnosed cases and the previously reported cases from the available literature are reviewed. These neoplasms occur mainly in young adults, and their histological diagnosis is difficult on light microscope, because they are almost indistinguishable from oligodendrogliomas. Nevertheless, the presence of tumoral cells arranged around nucleus-free fibrillary zones, resembling the large rosettes of pineocytomas and the immunohistochemical demonstration of synaptophysin are useful data for the pathological diagnosis. This diagnosis is easy on electron microscope, because it demonstrates the neuronal nature of tumoral cells. Regarding prognosis, we have found increasing evidence that these tumors are associated with a favourable course after surgery, and at present there is no clear evidence of the usefulness of radiotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. temporal bone pathology in hydrocephalus: changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure.Changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure have not yet been clearly defined. We present a postmortem temporal bone study of child with hydrocephalus. The temporal bone was from a 2-year-old female with IVth ventricle ependymoblastoma. In the basal turn of the cochlea, degeneration of the organ of Corti and the nerve ganglion was observed. In the top and middle turn, structures were intact. The utricle and saccule were well preserved. We propose that changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure begin in the base of the cochlea, and extend to the apex in decreasing degree.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 34.662883041588keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Unilateral Holmes tremor, clearly responsive to cerebrospinal fluid release, in a patient with an ischemic midbrain lesion and associated chronic hydrocephalic ventricle enlargement. Case report.The authors describe a 58-year-old man with sudden onset of a unilateral tremor caused by a midbrain lesion that affected the substantia nigra and the cerebellothalamic pathway. There were also clinical and neuroimaging signs of a communicating chronic hydrocephalus. The patient was severely handicapped by this tremor, which was a typical Holmes tremor with rest, posture, and intention components. parkinson disease or multiple-system atrophy as causes for the tremor could be ruled out by DaTSCAN and 123I iodobenzamide and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), respectively. The tremor was completely supressed by temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid release after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, without any additional medication, for a period of 6 months. Afterward, the tremor returned, and the patient had to be treated by a stereotactic electrode implantation in the contralateral ventralis intermedius nucleus, which led to complete tremor suppression during the 1.5-year follow-up period. In this case report, the authors present the clinical description and the electrophysiological, SPECT, and magnetic resonance imaging data of a rare combination of symptoms and their surgical treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. subarachnoid hemorrhage and "normal pressure hydrocephalus": fatal complication of percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion. Case report.A 62-year-old man underwent percutaneous balloon catheter compression of the gasserian ganglion for typical trigeminal neuralgia. After this, a subarachnoid hemorrhage was discovered and normal pressure hydrocephalus developed, which required shunting. Although the neurological function recovered, the patient died 8 months later because of supervening hepatic insufficiency, probably caused by protracted antibiotic therapy. Such a fatal complication, the first one associated with the technique of percutaneous trigeminal compression, was perhaps predisposed by preexistent cerebral atrophy with enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces; the unforeseen piercing of the dilated trigeminal cistern probably permitted the intracranial subarachnoid diffusion of an otherwise trivial hemorrhage. The safety of the procedure may be greatly reduced in such instances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 173.31441520794keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. Bobble-head doll syndrome due to trapped fourth ventricle and aqueduct.The bobble-head doll syndrome has been associated with third ventriculomegaly due to cysts or aqueductal stenosis. A case is described in which the aqueduct and fourth ventricle are enlarged, but the third ventricle is not. The unifying pathogenesis for this and previous cases is pressure on the dorsomedial red nucleus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Unilateral hydrocephalus combined with occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery.The authors encountered a rare case of a patient who developed a mild hemiparesis on the right side at age 8 months with marked enlargement of the left lateral ventricle and occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. In computed tomography scans and nuclear magnetic resonance scans 8 years after an operation to install a ventricular shunt, there was marked enlargement of the left lateral ventricle and almost no left basal ganglion. In this case, the differentiation between hydranencephaly and severe hydrocephalus presented a problem because no biopsy had been performed. diagnosis was difficult, but it appeared that occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery played a major role.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 110.25103750941keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Anomalous optic discs in a patient with a Dandy-Walker cyst.A 19-month-old female infant with a Dandy-Walker cyst had anomalous optic discs, each of which appeared to divide to form an accessory optic nerve. The discs probably lie within the spectrum of anomalous discs including optic nerve aplasia and hypoplasia, megallopapillae, morning glory disc, optic disc dysplasia, and optic nerve colobomas. The association of anomalous optic discs with a Dandy-Walker cyst has not been previously recognized. The ocular and brain malformations in this patient likely occurred during the fourth to eighth week of gestation, when the retinal ganglion cell axons were penetrating the optic nerve, and the rhombic lips were enlarging in early cerebellar development. The etiology of these anomalies is not known; however, teratogens, sporadic events, and genetic disorders should be considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 34.662883041588keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. See-saw nystagmus.See-saw ocular movements are described in two patients, one having obstructive hydrocephalus and the other a thalamic infarct. Electro-oculographic studies demonstrated that the eye movements in patient 1 moved in and out of phase at irregular intervals, in both a horizontal and a vertical direction. The disconjugate eye movements were exaggerated in bright light and less evident during fixation. We suggest a lesion impairing the function of that circuitry of cells thought to include the nucleus centromedianus of the thalamus, the zona incerta, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and eye movement related cells in the mid brain and pons, causes the disconjugate eye movements but that the controlling influence of multiple connections with other parts of the brain results in the ever changing pattern of disconjugate eye movement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. Percutaneous choroid plexus coagulation in hydranencephaly.Percutaneous intracranial endoscopy, performed on 3 infants with hydranencephaly and signs of intracranial hypertension, showed normal choroid plexus and choroid arteries in 2 patients. Transendoscopic coagulation of the arteries and plexus alleviated intracranial hypertension postoperatively. Minimal choroid plexus and no choroid arteries were present in the 3rd patient and coagulation did not alter the clinical course. Computerized tomography scans of the infants with normal choroid plexus demonstrated cerebral tissue in the region of the caudate nucleus; the child with minimal choroid plexus had tissue only in the region of the posterior thalamus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. A fetus with upper limb amelia, "caudal regression" and Dandy-Walker defect with an insulin-dependent diabetic mother.We describe the fetus delivered to an insulin-dependent diabetic woman who had had a previous large, stillborn, non-malformed male infant and a normal female infant. The present fetus had a most unusual combination of malformations which to date had not been described in diabetic embryopathy. The anomalies include: upper limb amelia, "caudal regression" with bilateral absence of the fibulae, unilateral absence of a femur and ipsilateral oligodactyly; undescended testes; atrial septal defect; multiple vertebral and rib anomalies with cervical scoliosis and right webbed neck; left cleft lip and cleft palate; severe micrognathia; left microtia with atresia of the ear canal; and central nervous system defects including hydrocephalus with the Dandy-Walker malformation, asymmetry of the lateral ventricles, abnormal frontal gyral formation, and ependymal and ganglion cell heterotopias of the spinal cord. The pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 34.662883041588keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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