1/84. Juvenile glaucoma in the rubinstein-taybi syndrome.A 10-year-old retarded child was seen by an ophthalmologist because of strabismus. Examination of the optic nerve heads revealed cupping consistant with glaucoma and initiated a referral. The appearance of this girl, with flat-broad based thumbs and toes, small head, low set ears, high arched brows, antimongoloid slant to the eyes, high arched palate, associated with mental retardation, and strabismus suggested the Rubinstein-Tabyi Syndrome. gonioscopy revealed a high iris insertion, while tonometry indicated mildly elevated pressures in the right eye. Examination of the optic nerve heads showed large glaucomatous type cups, more so on the right with compromise of the temporal rim. trabeculectomy was effective in controlling the intraocular pressure in the right eye. The association of juvenile glaucoma with the rubinstein-taybi syndrome requires that ophthalmic referral to assess glaucoma be an essential part of the evaluation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/84. Anaesthesia for sturge-weber syndrome.A 6-month-old boy with sturge-weber syndrome was scheduled for congenital glaucoma and left buphthalmus surgery. physical examination revealed haemangioma throughout the right trigeminal nerve, congenital glaucoma, left megalocornea and bilateral buphthalmus. Examination of the eye was performed under general anaesthesia, was followed 2 days later by trabeculotomy. No premedication was given to the patient. After induction of anaesthesia with halothane, O2 and N2O muscle relaxation was achieved with atracurium and he was intubated gently. No difference was observed in vital signs during surgery. At the end of the operation he was given oxygen 100% and extubated, muscle relaxant reversal was with atropine and neostigmine. No complication was observed in the post-operative period.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/84. New technologies for diagnosing and monitoring glaucomatous optic neuropathy.BACKGROUND: Recently, instruments have been developed to provide real-time, quantitative measurements of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) for use in glaucoma management. Our objective is to (1) provide an overview of two of these instruments, the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, HRT) and scanning laser polarimeter (Nerve Fiber Analyzer, NFA) and (2) compare measurements obtained with these instruments to clinical features used in the diagnosis of glaucoma. methods: Twenty glaucoma patients, 4 normal subjects and 20 glaucoma subjects were included. All subjects had images obtained with the HRT and NFA, and RNFL and optic disc photography completed within 5 weeks of each other. The HRT results were compared with qualitative evaluation of stereophotographs of the optic disc, and NFA results were compared against a semi-quantitative RNFL photograph severity score. RESULTS: Twenty-five (57%) subjects had thinning of the neuroretinal rim identified by evaluation of stereoscopic optic disc photographs. Despite overlap, HRT measurements of rim volume, rim area, and rim/disc ratio were significantly smaller in eyes with evidence of rim thinning than in eyes with no evidence of rim thinning. Moderate to severe RNFL damage was detected by evaluation of photographs in 25 (57%) of subjects. NFA RNFL thickness measures were smaller in eyes with moderate to severe RNFL damage than in relatively healthy eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have documented the reproducibility of these instruments and suggested analytic techniques for improving their ability to differentiate between normal and glaucoma eyes. Our results indicate that despite overlap in values, these instruments provide measurements that reflect clinically relevant features of the optic disc and RNFL. Whether these technologies can improve our ability to detect glaucomatous progression over time needs to be determined with well-designed longitudinal studies and comparison with established diagnostic techniques for evaluating glaucomatous optic neuropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/84. Atypical retinitis pigmentosa masquerading as a nerve fiber bundle lesion."Sector" or "asymmetric" retinitis pigmentosa was mistaken as bilateral nerve fiber bundle defects in a 56-year-old man for six years, leading to an unnecessary work-up for anterior visual pathway disease and to an incorrect diagnosis of low-tension glaucoma. confusion arises because this variant may present with bilateral, superior, half-ring visual field defects that intersect the blindspots. These defects may be misplotted as typical arcuate Bjerrum's scotomas. The ophthalmoscopic changes that correspond to these visual field defects may be so subtle as to be overlooked. fluorescein angiography helps bring out the retinal lesions, and moderately subnormal electroretinographic and dark adaptation studies are definitive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/84. Migration of silicone oil into the brain: a complication of intraocular silicone oil for retinal tamponade.PURPOSE: To report a case in which intravitreal silicone oil migrated along the intracranial portion of the optic nerve and into the lateral ventricles of the brain after the repair of a retinal detachment secondary to cytomegalovirus retinitis. methods: A 42-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in his left eye secondary to a cytomegalovirus infection of the retina. The detachment was repaired using 5000 cs intraocular silicone oil for a long-term tamponade. Subsequently, the affected eye developed glaucoma, which was poorly controlled. Fifteen months after the retinal surgery, he developed a peripheral neuropathy that was thought to be AIDS related. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head were performed to investigate the neuropathy. RESULTS: The patient was found to have a foreign substance within his lateral ventricles that shifted with position and was identical with respect to its imaging properties to the remaining intraocular silicone oil. Additional material was found along the intracranial portion of his optic nerve. CONCLUSION: Under certain circumstances, intraocular silicone oil may migrate out of the eye, along the intracranial portion of the optic nerve, and into the lateral ventricles of the brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/84. Prolapsing gyrus rectus as a cause of progressive optic neuropathy.The pathogenesis of optic neuropathy caused by neurovascular compression or by similar mechanisms is unclear. Thin-slice magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 69 patients with optic neuropathy without demonstrable ophthalmological lesions (57.0 /- 17.1 years of age) and 102 normal subjects (57.7 /- 13.9 years of age). The MR imaging features were classified into "no compression" by the internal carotid artery (ICA), "compression" by the ICA, "no contact" with the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) or the gyrus rectus, "contact" with either or both, "compression" by the ACA, and "compression" by the gyrus rectus. The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between patients or controls, the MR classification, and the age, and the number of patients in each MR classification were evaluated by the chi 2 test. Five of the 69 patients with rapidly progressive symptoms were operated on via the frontotemporal approach. The MR imaging feature of "compression" by the gyrus rectus was the best predictor of optic neuropathy (Spearman correlation coefficients rho = -0.23646, p < 0.0018). This MR imaging feature was observed in 38 of 69 patients and in 32 of 102 controls (p = 0.002). Compression of the nerve by the gyrus rectus or the ACA was confirmed in all five operated cases. decompression of the nerve was fully achieved in four of the five patients, and their symptoms have not progressed since then. Optic neuropathies due to compression by the prolapsing gyrus rectus are not well understood. Such neuropathies may be detected by MR imaging.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/84. Late-onset unilateral primary developmental glaucoma associated with iridotrabecular dysgenesis, congenital ectropion uveae and thickened corneal nerves: a new neural crest syndrome?The association of unilateral primary developmental glaucoma with iridotrabecular dysgenesis and congenital ectropion uveae has been well documented in the literature. The glaucoma in this entity may present at birth, infancy or may develop at a later stage in life. I report the case of a child with late-onset unilateral primary developmental glaucoma due to iridotrabecular dysgenesis, congenital ectropion uveae, and who had a previously undescribed association with ipsilateral thickened corneal nerves in the stroma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/84. A erimetric technique believed to test receptive field properties: sequential evaluation glaucoma and other conditions.We used a technique to simplify and speed up a perimetric test (Westheimer function). Through sequential testing, the technique was successfully used to evaluate pathologic findings and partially to evaluate treatment regimens in three subjects. One patient had an onset of kinetic field changes and Westheimer function alteration with primary open-angle glaucoma. Temporary remissions of alterations in the Westheimer function and kinetic visual field loss occurred in patients with glaucoma and tobacco-alcohol (complicated) amblyopia. Using these techniques it is possible to localize an anomaly in the outer retinal layer, the inner retinal layer, and central to the optic nerve head. We divided the inner and outer retinal layers on a vascular support basis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/84. Computer-assisted planimetry associated with sturge-weber syndrome.photographs of the optic nerve head (optic disc) in the eye are used for the clinical assessment of the disease glaucoma. These images are usually subjectively assessed by a clinician. A case of sturge-weber syndrome which includes glaucoma as a symptom, is presented here. Narrowing of the rim of the optic disc was measured using custom-made measurement software confirming glaucomatous progression. To maximize the information obtained from optic disc images, low cost software can assist with quantifying disc parameters aiding clinical interpretation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/84. Bilateral glaucomatous optic neuropathy in Takayasu's disease without cervical arterial stenosis.PURPOSE: Although significant decrease in retinal perfusion is usually not observed before all of the cervical arteries became markedly narrowed in patients with Takayasu's disease (TD), we present bilateral glaucomatous optic neuropathy in a patient with TD without any cervical arterial stenosis. methods: Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed glaucomatous optic neuropathy in both eyes with 7/10-cup/disc ratio in the right eye and 9/10 in the left eye. Left subclavian selective arteriographic examination demonstrated segmental high-grade stenosis, namely 90 percent stenosis in the mid portion of the left subclavian artery. Arteriography, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and color Doppler sonography revealed patent cervical, carotid interna, ophthalmic, retinal and posterior ciliary arteries. RESULTS: Patient was followed up for 48 months with frequent intervals and there was no deterioration of visual acuity, visual field and optic neuropathy without any antiglaucomatous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is a known fact that classical ophthalmic manifestations of the TD occur only when major cervical arteries are occluded, no occlusion was observed in this patient with bilateral optic atrophy. The optic nerve damage is caused by various factors, but these factors require much elucidation before the optic neuropathy can be understood.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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