1/15. Zenker's diverticulum in childhood: a new case.Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is a very rare pathology in childhood and to date only few pediatric cases have been reported in literature. Herein we report on a case of ZD with cervical abscess formation and oral purulent drainage in a 6-year old girl with severe malnutrition. Diverticulectomy was performed as surgical treatment. The patient is free of symptoms after two years' follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Protein malnutrition due to replacement of milk by rice drink.We present the case of an 8-month-old boy with failure to thrive and hypoalbuminaemia due to protein malnutrition caused by the replacement of milk by a rice drink. All symptoms resolved with an appropriate feeding. CONCLUSION: Rice drinks are no alternatives to infant milk formulas and carry a serious risk for the development of protein malnutrition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (81). Hypothalamic glioma with diencephalic syndrome.A 15-month-old boy presented with failure to thrive. physical examination revealed third degree malnutrition. MR imaging showed a large lobulated mass in the suprasellar region. The mass was hypointense on T1-weighted MR images, hyperintense on proton density-weighted and T2-weighted MR images, and enhanced homogeneously. The patient underwent a craniotomy for a subtotal resection of the tumour. Histopathological examination revealed a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma that caused the diencephalic syndrome. Clinical presentation and imaging findings of the various tumours or diseases that can cause suprasellar masses in children are discussed and illustrated via further examples.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Severe CF manifestation with anaemia and failure to thrive in a 394delTT homozygous patient.We report on a 394delTT homozygous cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with severe disease progression. At the diagnosis made at the age of 2.5 months, he suffered from macrocytic anaemia as the most prominent symptom of CF, malnutrition, hypoproteinaemia and profound hypoalbuminaemia, but demonstrated only minimal pulmonary symptoms. Abnormal sweat chlorides confirmed the diagnosis of CF. Severe pulmonary and liver disease caused death after 6 years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Phrynoderma: a manifestation of vitamin a deficiency?...The rest of the story.Phrynoderma is a distinctive form of follicular hyperkeratosis associated with nutritional deficiency. Although originally thought to represent vitamin a deficiency, several studies have demonstrated multiple etiologies. Characteristic skin lesions are hyperkeratotic papules that first appear on the extensor surfaces of the extremities, shoulders, and buttocks. We report a 14-month-old boy with malnourishment and hyperkeratotic papules and plaques with histologic changes typical of phrynoderma. Despite an extensive evaluation, a specific nutritional deficiency was not identified. Phrynoderma is believed to be a manifestation of severe malnutrition, not necessarily accompanying low vitamin A levels. While the literature supports a link between phrynoderma and vitamins E, B, A, and essential fatty acids general malnutrition seems to be the strongest association. The clinical picture typically improves with enhanced nutritional status. Phrynoderma must be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with extensor surface hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in the setting of malnourishment and should prompt the clinician to evaluate cell markers of nutritional status, not just vitamin A. We believe this patient exemplifies the conundrum that faces clinicians in evaluating patients with extensor surface predominant hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in the setting of malnourishment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Behavioral assessment and management of food refusal in children with cystic fibrosis.Four children with cystic fibrosis, ranging in age from 10 to 40 months, were admitted to a specialized pediatric unit for evaluation and treatment of malnutrition. All were below the fifth percentile for weight despite appropriate pancreatic enzyme replacement and outpatient nutritional counseling. Dietary evaluation revealed oral intake of 48% to 62% of that required for growth. Standardized nursing and psychological assessments of feeding behaviors during meals indicated a low acceptance rate of foods and a high rate of maladaptive feeding behaviors. Treatment consisted of behavioral management using positive reinforcement of food acceptance, extinction of negative behaviors, and parent training. Mean percentage of caloric intake increased from 54% to 92% for the four patients. At long-term follow-up, the patients who continued the program demonstrated substantial and persistent catch-up growth. Behavioral feeding disorders may contribute to failure to thrive in patients with cystic fibrosis and must be considered when growth failure occurs despite correct medical management and apparently mild pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Severe gastrointestinal involvement in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Five children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and unusual gastrointestinal disease are described. Two children presented with malnutrition, abdominal distention, and diarrhea. One was found to have moderately severe villus atrophy on jejunal biopsy and was initially thought to have celiac disease. Jejunal biopsy from the second child revealed infiltration of the mucosa with acid-fast bacilli-laden macrophages. A third child suffered recurrent abdominal pain, progressive weight loss, diarrhea, and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to infection with cytomegalovirus. Pseudomembranous necrotizing jejunitis associated with overgrowth of klebsiella pneumoniae in the duodenal fluid occurred in one patient. The fifth child presented in the newborn period with serratia marcescens cholecystitis. Gastrointestinal disease in children with AIDS may be due to idiopathic villus atrophy and bacterial or opportunistic infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Abnormal sweat electrolytes in a case of celiac disease and a case of psychosocial failure to thrive. review of other reported causes.sweat electrolytes were initially elevated in a child who was diagnosed as having celiac disease and also in one with psychosocial failure to thrive. Subsequent sweat tests were normal after nutritional status of the patients had improved with therapy. The reports of elevated sweat electrolytes in conditions other than cystic fibrosis are discussed. It is emphasized that sweat test methods other than the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis method are not reliable. The occurrence of false-positive sweat tests demonstrates the need for care in the interpretation of elevated sweat electrolytes and the necessity of performing repeat quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis for the establishment of the diagnosis of CF. celiac disease and malnutrition from other causes may cause sweat electrolytes to be elevated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Environmental deprivation and transient elevation of sweat electrolytes.We report five children who had transient elevations in sweat electrolyte values in association with environmental deprivation. The high electrolyte values were not always associated with malnutrition, and normalized more rapidly than weight. The reason for these abnormalities is unknown. In as much as elevated sweat electrolytes are rarely associated with environmental deprivation, repeat studies are recommended before diagnosing cystic fibrosis in such children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. failure to thrive in elderly people: a conceptual analysis.The concept 'failure to thrive' (FTT) has been in the pediatric and child development/child psychiatry literature for many years. Recently it has appeared in the medical literature in relation to malnutrition, weight loss and depression. This paper draws upon the wider concept as applied to infants and young children, as well as on relevant gerontological literature, to analyse FTT as it relates to elderly people. Attributes, antecedents and consequences are identified. Case studies that illustrate the attributes, some of the attributes, or none of the attributes are provided.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = malnutrition (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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