1/35. Composite cervicofacial flap for reconstruction of complex cheek defects.The authors present the reconstructive technique for complex cheek defects using the composite cervicofacial flap and study the possibilities, advantages, disadvantages, and results that can be expected. The design follows the classic outline of Mustarde's flap. The skin is undermined for 2 cm anterior to the ear, then after incision of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), undermining is continued below the plane of the SMAS, level with the facial nerve branches. It is continued forward to the facial vessels, which give rise to branches that ensure the blood supply of this composite flap and contribute to its high reliability. In the cervical region, undermining is done beneath the platysma, which is transected transversely in the lower cervical region to allow good upward mobility and satisfactory transposition of the flap. The flap is adapted to the defect and the medial suture line is placed as near as possible to the medial limit of the cheek aesthetic unit. The authors carried out a retrospective study of 7 patients with complex facial reconstruction after excision of malignant lesions. The defects measured from 4x4 cm to 9x7 cm. In 4 patients excision included the periosteum, and in 1 patient excision involved the entire thickness and removed the entire anterior half of the cheek. In 4 patients reconstruction involved the cheek and eyelid. In spite of the advanced age of the patients (88, 69, 91, 67, 70, 82, and 59 years), there was no distal edge necrosis. The only complication was a single case of facial paresis, which resolved spontaneously. The results were considered very good in all 7 patients. The authors conclude that the composite flap increases the possibilities of the cervicofacial flap. It is more mobile, more reliable, thicker, and more adaptable. It can be used in complex cheek defects that involve the periosteum, or even in full-thickness defects. The quality of the results obtained using this flap represents a considerable advance in facial reconstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/35. Localized multiple glomus tumors of the face and oral mucosa.We describe a 54-year-old patient with an unusual localization of localized multiple glomus tumors. She had several nodules on the left mandibular area, lower lip, and anterior part of the buccal mucosa. A biopsy taken from the left mandibular area showed cystically dilated vessels lined by endothelial cells and a few outer layers of glomus cells in the dermis to subcutis. Localized multiple glomus tumors are rare, and both their facial and oral mucocal localization are extremely rare.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/35. A simple method for forehead unit reconstruction.The supratrochlear and supraorbital vessel-based island flap was used to avoid excessive scarring during reconstruction of the unilateral forehead defects after surgical excision of a malignant tumor. This method had a number of advantages: operation time was short, it was a one-stage procedure, the technique was relatively simple, a good match of the texture and color could be achieved, and scars were inconspicuous.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/35. The extended Abbe flap in the reconstruction of complex midfacial defects.The Abbe flap is most commonly used to repair full-thickness defects of the lip that do not involve the commissure. This well-perfused axial flap is based on the labial branches of the facial artery. The inferior labial vessels have been shown to support a cutaneous territory, including the entire lower lip, chin, and submental skin. Defects extending beyond the confines of the upper lip may be reconstructed with an extended lip switch flap that is based on the inferior labial artery. This "extended" Abbe flap allows functional and cosmetically acceptable repair of the upper lip, medial cheek, columella, and nasal sill. Case presentations illustrate the technique and outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/35. Retroauricular flap: its clinical application and safety.We report the application and safety of the retroauricular flap in 38 cases. The flap was used on the anterior auricular surface in 21 cases, in the peri-auricular region in five cases, in the region of the preauricular sideburn area in two cases, in the malar region in six cases, in the eyelid in three cases and in the intraorbital region in one case. When this flap was used in the auricular or periauricular region, the blood circulation was safe and the appearance was aesthetically good in flaps pedicled by the postauricular vessels or by the superficial temporal vessels. However, when the defect was more remote from the auricle, the blood circulation of the flaps pedicled by superficial temporal vessels, whether subcutaneous pedicle flaps or free flaps, was unstable. In some cases there was extensive or partial necrosis of the distal area of the flap. On the other hand, the free flaps pedicled by the postauricular vessels had satisfactory blood circulation, but the vessels were sometimes short, narrow and difficult to find, especially the veins. In these cases, we were obliged to use the superficial temporal vessels. A further problem is that some of the patients, especially younger women, were dissatisfied when the retroauricular flap was used in the malar region because of the reddish colour of the flap.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/35. Familial multiple trichoepithelioma associated with subclavian-pulmonary collateral vessels and cerebral aneurysm--case report.A 63-year-old woman presented with cerebellar infarction caused by occlusion of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. She had papules on her face that were identified histologically as multiple trichoepithelioma. angiography revealed right subclavian-pulmonary collateral vessels and a cerebral aneurysm arising from the bifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. Her grandmother, mother, and uncle had had similar papules, and the deaths of her mother and uncle were due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/35. Solitary fibrous tumor of the skin.Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon tumor initially reported in the pleura but recently described in other sites of the body. We report a SFT of the skin that presented as painless nodule located in the right cheek in a 56-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells arranged in a patternless pattern of short and narrow fascicles with interspersed bundles of thick collagen, and numerous blood vessels with a focally hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells strongly expressed vimentin, CD34 and bcl-2. The lesion was excised and the patient remains well at 16-month follow-up. This case presented some diagnostic difficulty because of its unusual location, and had to be distinguished from other superficial soft tissue tumors. Recognition of SFT in the skin is important to avoid possible confusion with a variety of spindle cell neoplasms with different biologic potential.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.3839997886635keywords = blood vessel, vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/35. carcinoma erysipelatoides-cutaneous lymphatic vessel spread of a poorly differentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma.carcinoma erysipelatoides, which is frequently called inflammatory carcinoma, is an uncommon form of skin metastasis. It originates most commonly from breast carcinoma and less often from endometrial or bronchogenic carcinoma. The naso-pharynx is an unusual source for carcinoma erysipelatoides. We present a case of carcinoma erysipelatoides due to poorly differentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/35. radiation-induced chorioretinal degeneration: a clinicopathological report of three cases.BACKGROUND: With the shift in radiotherapy toward the posterior segment and with the use of lead screens to shield the anterior segment, posterior segment lesions have become more readily recognized. The purpose of this study is to highlight the effects of ionizing radiation on the choroid and to demonstrate how this can result in visual loss, particularly if the macula is involved. methods: Histopathological study of three enucleated eyes of three patients who had received ionizing radiation: a 27-year-old woman who had received radiation as a child for a hemangioma of the left side of the face, a 16-year-old girl who had received radiation at age 11 years for a malignant mesenchymoma of the right maxilla, and a 4-year-old girl who had received radiation at age 1 year for a retinoblastoma of the right eye. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of the three globes showed extensive chorioretinal degeneration, among other ocular findings. In all cases the fellow eye did not show similar chorioretinal lesions. As all three patients were relatively young, the degree of chorioretinal degeneration was considered to be secondary to radiation treatment. INTERPRETATION: Vascular damage from ionizing radiation is not limited to the retina. It can also affect the choroid in the form of chorioretinal degeneration. Since most of the intraocular circulation arises from the uveal vessels, chorioretinal degenerative lesions may be extensive and may even involve the macula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/35. A forehead mass present for 53 years after trauma in childhood.A 60-year-old man developed a mass on his forehead in his childhood. Histologic examination revealed a subcutaneous encapsulated cellular neoplasm consisting of mostly polygonal epithelioid cells, with abundant amphophilic cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei. There was one focal area of spindle cells. Numerous blood vessels of various sizes, small vacuoles and eosinophilic hyalinized material were also present. The morphologic features of the neoplasm did not fit with the typical features of any recognized pathologic entity. The subsequent immunohistochemical and electron microscopical evidence supported the diagnosis of epithelioid schwannoma, a rare variant of schwannoma that has not been reported in oral and maxillofacial pathology publications. The purpose of this report is to document a case and increase the awareness of this entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.3839997886635keywords = blood vessel, vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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