1/3. Aetiology of convulsions due to stellate ganglion block: a review and report of two cases.stellate ganglion block is a selective sympathetic block that affects the ipsilateral head, neck, upper extremity and upper part of the thorax. Convulsions are a recognized complication of intra-arterial injection during stellate ganglion block. As central nervous system toxicity depends ultimately on the concentration of the local anaesthetics presented to the brain, the likely causative factors are discussed as well as the types of toxic symptoms and their onset times. The paper considers the aetiological factors of such convulsions resulting from stellate ganglion block in two patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/3. An autopsied case of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy with atypical pathological features.This is a report of an autopsied case of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) with atypical neuropathological findings. The patients was a 31-year-old female. Her clinical symptoms were epileptic seizures, cerebellar ataxia, choreoathetosis and dementia. A neuropathological examination revealed the fibrillary gliosis in various areas of the CNS and severe degeneration in the cerebellar cortex and nucleus fasciculi dorsalis in addition to a marked degeneration of the dentatorubropallidoluysian systems. The present case is diagnosed neuropathologically as DRPLA associated with the findings of chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication and epileptic brain damage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0025491363159586keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/3. Dose requirement of local anaesthetic to produce grand mal seizure during stellate ganglion block.Two case reports illustrate that low doses of local anaesthetics such as bupivacaine 2.5 mg and a mixture of bupivacaine 1.25 mg and lidocaine 5 mg can induce grand mal seizures if injected into the vertebral artery during stellate ganglion block. The effect of the dose of local anaesthetic agent and technique of administration into the stellate ganglion region discussed as is the relationship between vertebral artery blood flow and cerebral intravascular local anaesthetic concentration required to produce seizure activity. Suggestions are made concerning possible modification of the technique of anterior approach to the stellate ganglion, including test dose size, to reduce the incidence of inadvertent injection into the vertebral artery and subsequent central nervous system toxicity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |