1/162. Acute unilateral visual loss due to a single intranasal methamphetamine abuse.An otherwise healthy 35 year old male with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) presented himself three days after a single intranasal methamphetamine abusus. Directly upon awakening the day after the recreational use of this drug, he discovered an acute and severe visual loss of his right eye. This unilateral loss of vision was permanent and eventually lead to a pale and atrophic optic nerve head. The characteristics of this visual loss, together with the aspect of the optic nerve head was very similar to the classical non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). We suggest a direct ischemic episode to the short posterior ciliary arteries due to this single intranasal abuse of methamphetamine as the underlying pathogenesis of this acute and permanent visual loss.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/162. Scleroderma-like lesions in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.We report on two patients (one female 42 years, one male 47 years) suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for more than 20 years. Both patients exhibited sclerodactyly and sclerosis of the hands and lower arms as well as swelling and slight contracture of the distal interphalangeal joints. Interestingly, internal organs were not involved and autoantibodies characteristic for scleroderma were missing. Poor utilization and excess of glucose seem to be responsible for the activation of fibroblasts to produce abundant matrix proteins in the skin. Significant therapeutic improvement of the glucose metabolism was able to improve joint contractures or at least to stop the progression of skin changes in our patients. These skin changes should not be misdiagnosed as systemic sclerosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.22473623140601keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/162. Lupus cystitis: a possible additive risk factor for emphysematous cystitis in diabetes mellitus: discussion about one case.Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare condition in which gas-forming organisms are active in the bladder wall and lumen. Most of the cases have been described in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus due to glucosuria and subsequent anaerobic fermentation of glucose. To our knowledge this condition has never been described in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report here the first case of EC during the course of a chronic lupus cystitis (LC) in a woman suffering from SLE and type-I diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.22473623140601keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/162. Nuchal fibroma associated with scleredema, diabetes mellitus and organic solvent exposure.A case of scleredema diabeticorum of Buschke associated with nuchal fibroma and organic solvent exposure is reported. The patient presented with a neck mass causing discomfort and restriction of movement. Histological examination showed this to be a nuchal fibroma. Additionally, there was widespread induration of the skin of his trunk which was asymptomatic. A biopsy showed features of scleredema. This is the first reported association of these two conditions, both of which show increased and thickened collagen bundles without significant fibroblast proliferation. They differ by the occurrence of mucin in scleredema, although this is not always demonstrable, particularly in late lesions. The possibility that nuchal fibroma is an end stage, localized form of scleredema is canvassed. The patient's medical history included insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with complications of retinal vessel thrombosis and peripheral neuropathy. The patient also had significant past exposure to a wide variety of chemicals, including organic solvents.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3484173884361keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/162. Clinico-pathological features of postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.We report the clinico-pathological features and management of a 49-year-old male with a 30-year history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus who had nephropathy (proteinuria 1.81 g/24 h, creatinine 136 micromol/l), proliferative retinopathy and severe somatic and autonomic neuropathy. A sural nerve biopsy demonstrated marked myelinated fibre loss with unmyelinated fibre degeneration and regeneration combined with extensive endoneurial microangiopathy. The management of the patient's blood pressure problems (supine hypertension) and symptomatic postural hypotension is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/162. guillain-barre syndrome occurring in two women after ketoacidosic comatose state disclosing an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.We report two women who presented with a guillain-barre syndrome just after a ketoacidosic comatose state disclosing an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. One had characteristic clinical signs and the other had major motor involvement. At neurophysiologic investigations, one had typical demyelinating neuropathy whereas the second had mainly axonal degeneration. At ultrastructural examination of a peripheral nerve biopsy, features of macrophage-associated demyelination were present in both nerve specimens, thus confirming the diagnosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, i.e., guillain-barre syndrome. Prominent axonal involvement was also present in the motor nerves of the second patient. insulin therapy had to be permanently continued and these two cases are quite different from the transient diabetes sometimes observed in certain cases of guillain-barre syndrome. Both the latter and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus probably have auto-immune mechanisms. It is likely that in our two patients both auto-immune diseases were triggered by a common event. Such cases of guillain-barre syndrome have to be distinguished from other acute diabetic neuropathies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/162. enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic child.BACKGROUND AND methods: enteritis necroticans (pigbel), an often fatal illness characterized by hemorrhagic, inflammatory, or ischemic necrosis of the jejunum, occurs in developing countries but is rare in developed countries, where its occurrence is confined to adults with chronic illnesses. The causative organism of enteritis necroticans is clostridium perfringens type C, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. In December 1998, enteritis necroticans developed in a 12-year-old boy with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus after he consumed pig intestines (chitterlings). He presented with hematemesis, abdominal distention, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis with hypotension. At laparotomy, extensive jejunal necrosis required bowel resection, jejunostomy, and ileostomy. Samples were obtained for histopathological examination. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay was performed on paraffin-embedded bowel tissue with primers specific for the cpa and cpb genes, which code for the alpha and beta toxins produced by C. perfringens. RESULTS: Histologic examination of resected bowel tissue showed extensive mucosal necrosis, the formation of pseudomembrane, pneumatosis, and areas of epithelial regeneration that alternated with necrotic segments--findings consistent with a diagnosis of enteritis necroticans. Gram's staining showed large gram-positive bacilli whose features were consistent with those of clostridium species. Through PCR amplification, we detected products of the cpa and cpb genes, which indicated the presence of C. perfringens type C. Assay of ileal tissue obtained during surgery to restore the continuity of the patient's bowel was negative for C. perfringens. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation or consumption of chitterlings by diabetic patients and other chronically ill persons can result in potentially life-threatening infectious complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.22473623140601keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/162. Skeletal muscle infarction in diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors, clinical features, and methods of diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction (DMI). methods: Three patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and skeletal muscle infarction were studied, and 49 additional cases reported in the English literature (medline database search) were reviewed. RESULTS: review of all 52 patients with DMI revealed a number of typical features: equal sex distribution; mean age 41.5 years (range 19-81 yrs); a number of risk factors [long duration of DM (mean 15.2 yrs), poor control and microvascular diabetic complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy) (94%), and insulin dependent type I DM (77%)]; a characteristic clinical presentation with painful diffuse muscle swelling (100%); and sometimes a muscle mass (44%), predilection for quadriceps (62%), hip adductors (13%) and leg muscles (13%), elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (47%), abnormal sonograms (81%), abnormal magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings (100%), typical histopathologic findings of a muscle infarct (100%) (ultrastructural evidence of microangiography in one patient); and a tendency toward spontaneous resolution although recurrences are common (51%). CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle infarction is a rare complication of long standing, poorly controlled DM associated with multiple end organ microvascular sequelae. Increased clinical awareness is important for early recognition, particularly in a diabetic patient presenting with a painful thigh or leg swelling. MR imaging is the diagnostic study of choice, and in the appropriate clinical setting, may obviate the need for a muscle biopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.22473623140601keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/162. Identification of bacteria from a non-healing diabetic foot wound by 16 S rDNA sequencing.Approximately 10-20% of diabetic foot wounds fail initial antibiotic treatment. It is generally believed that several bacterial species may be present in these types of wounds. Because some of these organisms cannot be easily cultured, proper identification is problematic and thus, appropriate treatment modalities cannot be applied. This report examined the bacterial flora present in a chronic diabetic foot wound that failed antibiotic treatment. A tissue sample was collected from the base of the wound and used for standard microbiological culturing. dna from the sample was used to amplify bacterial 16 S rDNA gene sequences and a library of these sequences was made. The clones were placed into two major groups on the basis of their melting temperatures. Representatives of these groups were sequenced, and information was used to identify the bacteria present in the wound. The culture-based method identified a single anaerobic species, bacteroides fragilis. The method employing rDNA sequencing identified B. fragilis as a dominant organism and pseudomonas (Janthinobacterium) mephitica as a minor component. The results indicate that rDNA sequencing approach can be an important tool in the identification of bacteria from wounds.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.44947246281202keywords = organ (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/162. Acute painful diabetic neuropathy: two patients with recent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Two young men developed an acute painful peripheral neuropathy a few weeks after being diagnosed to suffer from an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In both cases, peripheral nerve biopsy exhibited a few features of acute axonal degeneration. Additionally, in the first case there was a lymphocytic infiltrate around an endoneurial capillary, and in the second case there were several mast cells in the endoneurium of every fascicle examined. A few months later, the acute pain had disappeared in both cases. Only a few cases of acute painful diabetic neuropathy have been reported so far. A vascular origin seems unlikely and metabolic disorders are probably due to a contemporary severe weight loss. An auto-immune mechanism is an alternative explanation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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