11/45. chorea and contraceptives: case report with pet study and review of the literature.chorea is a well-recognized but rare complication of oral contraceptive use. A 27-year-old woman developed right hemichorea while taking an oral contraceptive (OC). No other causes of chorea were found. A positron emission tomography (PET) study with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose demonstrated a dense focus of increased glucose metabolism involving the body of the left caudate nucleus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PET study in a patient with OC-induced chorea in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid antibodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/45. magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography changes in hypoglycemia-induced chorea.We present two case studies, one of generalized chorea and one of hemichorea, both after severe hypoglycemia episodes. Both cases showed hyperperfusion in their SPECT scans. The MRI and SPECT findings serve as clues regarding the role of basal ganglion dysfunction associated with chorea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 118.03762801111keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/45. hyperglycemia-induced unilateral basal ganglion lesions with and without hemichorea. A PET study.hyperglycemia-induced unilateral basal ganglion lesions occur mostly in Asian patients. A signal abnormality in the basal ganglion region is evident on these patients' neuroimaging. Despite characteristic imaging findings and clinical manifestations, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To clarify the underlying pathophysiology of unilateral basal ganglion lesions, we examined the [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) findings in 3 patients with hyperglycemia. The PET studies were performed at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 7 months after clinical onset. The markedly reduced rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in the corresponding lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images provided direct evidence of regional metabolic failure. We suggest that the metabolic derangements associated with hyperglycemia and vascular insufficiency contribute to regional metabolic failure in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 826.26339607777keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/45. Monochorea caused by a striatal lesion.A 76-year-old man developed choreic movement restricted to the arm. Computed tomography suggested an old infarction mainly involving the head of the right caudate nucleus. Monochorea may indicate a striatal lesion and suggests the somatotopic localization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/45. ataxia, chorea, seizures, and dementia. Pathologic features of a newly defined familial disorder.Five generations of a family exhibit a unique autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by the development (usually between 15 and 30 years of age) of ataxia, seizures, choreiform movements, progressive dementia, and death after 15 to 25 years of illness. Neuropathologic findings in two deceased family members revealed remarkably similar findings, including marked neuronal loss of the dentate nucleus, microcalcification of the globus pallidus, neuroaxonal dystrophy of the nucleus gracilis, and demyelination of the centrum semiovale. The clinical and pathologic findings are closely correlated. ataxia and chorea are related to severe neuronal loss in the dentate nucleus with calcification in the globus pallidus. dementia occurs with progressive demyelination of the centrum semiovale, and loss of posterior column function occurs with neuroaxonal dystrophy of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/45. movement disorders associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. Case report and review of the literature.A 24-year-old man presented with dystonia, dementia, amyotrophy, choreoathetosis, and ataxia. Partial hexosaminidase a deficiency was documented in serum and leukocytes and confirmed by rectal biopsy with ganglion cells containing membranous cytoplasmic bodies. A brief review of the literature reveals that tremor, dystonia and choreoathetosis are common but neglected symptoms associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 33.510687157476keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/45. Primary CNS lymphoma presenting as a choreic movement disorder followed by segmental dystonia.Clinical presentation of primary CNS lymphoma with an extrapyramidal movement disorder has not been recorded. A 66-year-old woman presented with chorea involving her left arm and subsequently developed right-sided segmental dystonia with prominent hemifacial dystonic spasms, milder torticollis and dystonia of the right arm. Investigations revealed primary CNS lymphoma with extensive involvement of the right-sided basal ganglia as well as lesions confined to the head of the left caudate nucleus and the corpus callosum. chorea of her left arm subsided with progressing disease while remission of right-sided segmental dystonia was observed following radiotherapy of the brain. This patient's findings and a review of the literature suggest a possible relation between cranio-cervical dystonia and pathology affecting the head of the caudate nucleus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/45. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis and paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis in a patient with familial idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.A patient with familial idiopathic hypoparathyroidism whose major symptoms were paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) and paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC) was reported. CT revealed marked calcification in the basal ganglia, the thalamus and the dentate nucleus of cerebellum. Positron emission tomographic (PET) study showed decreased glucose metabolism in the basal ganglia and thalamus. The paroxysms were eliminated by the normalization of serum calcium level. Thus the paroxysms seemed to be induced by hypocalcemia which stimulated the lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus, on one occasion, as in PKC, and on the other occasion, as in PDC. Concomitant occurrence of both PKC and PDC in a patient is unique and is of interest in considering the pathomechanisms of these different but related disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/45. hyperglycemia-induced hemichoreoathetosis: the presenting manifestation of a vascular malformation of the lenticular nucleus.A 72-year-old diabetic woman developed paroxysmal hemichoreoathetosis during an episode of nonketotic hyperglycemia. The movement disorder abated as the blood glucose normalized. A computed tomographic scan revealed a vascular malformation involving the lenticular nucleus on the side contralateral to the dyskinesia. hyperglycemia has rarely been reported to cause episodic dyskinesias, but there have been no prior reports of patients with striatal vascular abnormalities in whom hyperglycemia seemingly caused a transient movement disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/45. Delayed choreoathetosis following acute carbon monoxide poisoning.Ten days after accidental exposure to carbon monoxide, a 17-year-old youth developed transitory choreoathetosis of both arms, face, and neck, with moderate dysarthria. CT revealed symmetric bilateral infarction in the head of the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the small parts of the anterolateral globus pallidus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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