1/11. Cerebral bleeding, infarcts, and presumed extrapontine myelinolysis in hypernatraemic dehydration.The neuroimaging findings in an infant with hypernatremic dehydration are presented. Brain parenchymal haemorrhage and extensive multiple infarcts were present in the acute stage. Follow-up CT showed bilateral, symmetrical changes presumed to indicate extrapontine myelinolysis in the thalamus and globus pallidus. MRI confirmed sparing of the pons. Only three previous cases of neuroimaging abnormalities due to hypernatraemia have been described in the radiological literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Unusual CT and MRI appearance of carbon monoxide poisoning.Unilateral low attenuation areas within the right putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus were observed on CT in a patient after exposure to carbon monoxide. A transient bilateral appearance was found on subsequent CT examinations. Hemorrhagic infarction of the right putamen, and ischemic lesions in both thalami were visualized on MRI 2 weeks later.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Bilateral striatal necrosis in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.A 41-year old resident of a nursing home presented with bloody diarrhea, and subsequently developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. E. coli serotype O157:H7 was isolated from the stool culture. At autopsy she was found to have bilateral symmetrical striatal necrosis involving mainly the putamen and lateral globus pallidus. The main microscopic findings consisted of coagulative necrosis, endothelial damage and microthrombosis. Scattered microscopic lesions of similar appearances were noted in the parietal cortex, external capsule and fornix. This case is of particular interest because of the rarity of bilateral striatal necrosis in hemolytic-uremic syndrome and the recent experimental data which implicate E. coli endotoxin in the pathogenesis of cerebral lesions in this syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. frontal lobe syndrome in a patient with bilateral globus pallidus lesions.This article describes a patient who experienced the rapid onset of an irreversible behavioral change while vacationing in La Paz, bolivia (altitude, 4070 m). The only lesions demonstrated on a magnetic resonance imaging scan were bilateral hemorrhages in the globus pallidus. The behavior change was characterized by apathy and lack of motivation, features commonly associated with bilateral frontal lobe disease. This case is a further demonstration of how subcortical lesions can produce behavioral syndromes that are clinically indistinguishable from classic cortical syndromes. It is cases such as this that show how a strict localizationist concept of behavioral function is too restrictive and how it is necessary to consider a wide network of neuronal interconnections when explaining the mechanism of a dissolution of complex higher functions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Value of ultrasound for identification of acute hemorrhagic necrosis of thalamus and basal ganglia in an asphyxiated term infant.An infant with profound intrapartum and postpartum asphyxia demonstrated striking bilateral echodensities in the region of the thalamus and basal ganglia on ultrasound scan. Neuropathological examination confirmed the presence of symmetrical areas of hemorrhagic necrosis involving the thalamus, caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. The findings demonstrate the value of ultrasonography in the identification of this variety of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Bilateral hemorrhagic infarction of the pallidum.Symmetric pallidal necrosis from a variety of causes is well appreciated pathologically. Corresponding computed tomographic (CT) changes have only infrequently been reported and on no occasion have the lesions been hemorrhagic. We describe the CT correlate of a previous neuropathologic observation of bilateral hemorrhagic infarction of the globus pallidus in association with acute renal failure. Factors predisposing to these changes are considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. Neuropathology of propionic acidemia: a report of two patients with basal ganglia lesions.propionic acidemia is a rare genetic disorder of amino acid metabolism caused by deficient activity of propionyl coenzyme a carboxylase. Neuropathologic changes previously reported in infants have been white-matter vacuolization or spongiosis. In children who survive beyond infancy, abnormalities have been found primarily in the basal ganglia. We report neuropathologic findings in two patients with propionic acidemia diagnosed in infancy who survived 35 months and 9 years, respectively. Examination of the brain of the 35-month-old boy showed vascular and parenchymal mineralization, focal pallor and spongy change, and foci of acute neuronal injury. These changes were similar to those previously described. The 9-year-old girl was in good metabolic control when she died, and presented a neuropathologic picture not previously described. She was found at autopsy to have acute hemorrhagic lesions in the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus bilaterally and in the left ventral thalamus. There was focal neuronal loss, but no acute hypoxic/ischemic neuronal injury. Vascular proliferation and swollen endothelial cells were seen in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and substantia nigra, but not in other regions of the brain. Electron microscopy showed swelling of endothelial cells with viable adjacent brain parenchyma. The endothelial changes suggest a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Hemorrhagic necrosis and vascular injury in carbon monoxide poisoning: MR demonstration.MR imaging of a patient 3-years status post-carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning revealed areas of abnormal signal bilaterally in the region of the globus pallidus that had shorter T1 characteristics and longer T2 characteristics than cerebrospinal fluid, probably representing methemoglobin, and that is surrounded by a rim of decreased signal on T2-weighted images, felt to represent hemosiderin. This case demonstrates characteristic findings on MR imaging of CO poisoning, as well as observations that suggest prior focal hemorrhage. Typical findings, neuropathology, and the role of vascular injury and prognosis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Hemiparkinsonism following haemorrhage in the contralateral substantia nigra.We report a patient with right hemiparkinsonism following haemorrhage in the left substantia nigra. The hemiparkinsonism responded to treatment with trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride and deteriorated after temporary discontinuation of the drug. Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium 99m d, l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxide showed reduced uptake in the left putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. MRI appearances consistent with haemorrhagic infarction as an early manifestation of carbon monoxide poisoning.High signal in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images was observed in two patients who underwent early MRI, after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). We compare these MRI abnormalities with those previously reported, and with CT findings which suggested that the damage to the globi pallidi is of vascular origin. We discuss also the hypothesis that haemorrhagic infarction is an early manifestation of CO poisoning.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = globus pallidus, pallidus, globus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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