1/13. Cardiovascular involvement in a boy with Sweet's syndrome.Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) is a rare disease in infancy. It may present in an isolated manner or be associated with diverse conditions. Only two children with postinflammatory slack skin who developed cardiovascular disease have been described to date, both of whom died from coronary artery occlusion. We report a boy with Sweet's syndrome and diffuse vascular disease involving the aorta and the supraaortic vessels, the pulmonary trunk, and the right coronary artery but without signs of coronary obstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Cerivastatin induces carotid artery plaque stabilization independently of cholesterol lowering in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.To prevent cardiovascular events in hyperlipidaemic patients, plaque stabilization by inhibition of localized inflammatory reactions in the blood vessels is important in addition to cholesterol lowering. Cerivastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitor (statin), has more potent enzyme-inhibitory effects than other statins and has also been reported in vitro to inhibit, at low concentrations, various inflammatory reactions due to plaque instability. Cerivastatin was therefore administered over 12 months to five patients with hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerotic plaque diagnosed by ultrasonography of the carotid artery, and changes in the plaque composition were determined. The mean cholesterol level decreased over the study period, although not significantly. However, the mean percentage of fibrous matrix of the plaque increased significantly from a mean of 11.2 /- 7.7% at study entry to 18.3 /- 5.9% at the end of the study. Additionally, the mean maximum plaque height was significantly reduced from 3.7 /- 0.9 mm to 3.0 /- 0.7 mm. These results indicate that cerivastatin induces plaque stability independently of cholesterol lowering.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. Noninvasive assessment of cardiopulmonary function in critically ill infants and children.echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography allow for the accurate noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function. Two-dimensional echocardiography accurately demonstrates both normal and abnormal intracardiac and great vessel anatomy and assists in differentiating cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress. M-mode echocardiography allows for documentation of cardiac chamber size and left ventricular function. Doppler echocardiography is used to measure cardiac output, assess AV and semilunar valve function, detect abnormal flow patterns within the heart and great vessels, and assist in the assessment of pulmonary artery pressures. This article discusses the uses of all these modalities as they apply to the critically ill infant and child.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. A report of 75 cases and review of the literature.Between 1919 and 1981, 16 children with primary cardiac tumors (8 rhabdomyomas, 5 fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma) and 59 children with secondary tumors of the cardiovascular system were seen at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Distant metastases in 45 children of the latter group, in descending order of frequency, were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoma, and involved the myocardium and pericardium. In the remaining 14 children, tumor thrombi from Wilms' tumor (9 cases), adrenal (2 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cases), and endodermal sinus tumor (1 case) extended directly into the great veins and/or cardiac chambers. Children with primary and secondary tumors often present with nonspecific clinical, plain radiographic, electrocardiographic, and M-mode echocardiographic findings. Early recognition, utilizing special diagnostic procedures such as two-dimensional echocardiography, computerized axial tomography, angiocardiography, and inferior venocavography, followed by elective surgical resection of tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass and/or radiation and chemotherapy, offers patients with cardiovascular tumors the best chance of cure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Primary cardiovascular amyloidosis with benign monoclonal gammopathy.A 54-year-old woman is reported whose primary amyloidosis was diagnosed at autopsy. Amyloid deposits were found in the myocardium, the striated muscles, the smooth muscle layers of the gut and the wall of the blood vessels. The deposits showed resistance to induced proteolysis. A large number of mature plasma cells was demonstrated in the bone marrow, and immunocytochemical studies revealed a considerable increase in the proportion of plasma cells which were positive for kappa light chains of immunoglobulins, indicating a monoclonal gammopathy. This view was strongly supported by the unexpected finding that amyloid deposits were positive for kappa light chains. The relationship between the kappa positive reaction of amyloid and its resistance to induced proteolysis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. A histopathologic study of retinal arterial aneurysms.An isolated retinal arterial aneurysm was found postmortem in the eye of a 75-year-old hypertensive woman, and multiple aneurysms were in the enucleated eye of a 68-year-old hypertensive man with neovascular glaucoma. The aneurysmal sites showed thickening of the vessel walls with hyaline, fibrin, and foamy macrophages. Fresh or organized thrombus partially filled the aneurysmal lumina. trypsin digestion preparations in Case 2 showed a progressive severity of aneurysmal changes from the simplest "cuff" type to the hemorrhagic "b;pwout" aneurysms with a linear split in the vessel wall. Atheroma was present in the larger arterial branches and fat was in most of the aneurysmal walls. These findings suggested that damage to the arterial wall by cholesterol or other emboli, or by occlusive disease, may predispose especially hypertensive patients to arterial aneurysm formation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. Laser surgery in the medically compromised patient.dermatology has entered a new dimension with the introduction of the laser. There are expanding clinical indications for laser excision. The CO2 laser in the cutting mode can incise tissue as sharply as finely honed steel, yet its photocoagulative properties allow rapid sealing of blood vessels and lymphatics. The physician can thereby perform in a relatively bloodless surgical field. Minimal adjacent normal tissue is injured, there is less local postoperative edema, and fewer postoperative analgesics are required. Since there is no need to use epinephrine as a local vasoconstrictive agent and there is no need to use electrocoagulation for control of hemorrhage, CO2 laser excision presents less risk to the medically compromised patient. The CO2 laser may also diminish the risk of seeding or spreading neoplastic cells in the perioperative field.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Postoperative mediastinal masses. Report of two cases.A mediastinal mass can mimic the presence of cardiovascular disease by simulating cardiac or vascular enlargement on chest radiographs, or by compressing the heart or great vessels with resulting symptoms or signs. This problem of misdiagnosis is particularly acute in patients with prior cardiac surgery for repair of congenital heart lesions. Two such cases are reported. In addition tosimulating cardiac disease, at least one, and perhaps both, were related to prior mediastinal surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a review of neurological complications.A case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with multisystem involvement is described. Neurological complications, as reported in the literature, are reviewed. These include cerebrovascular insufficiency, multiple lacunar infarcts, aneurysms, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages, progressive intellectual deterioration, and psychic and mental disturbance which may be due to cortical atrophy. seizures occur more frequently than in the general population. hypertension and alteration of cerebral vessels are the two basic pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the neurological complications of this disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Vascular injuries in ergotamine abuse: a case report.The case reported here concerns a 40-year-old woman who has suffered from severe migraine without aura since she was 23. The patient has been taking 1-3 suppositories of Virdex (2 mg of ergotamine tartrate, 250 mg of aminophenazone, caffeine) every day for the past three years. In addition to headache, the onset of short, sporadic cramps in the limbs together with paresthesia, hyposthenia, hypothermia and skin pallor with a slight increase in diastolic pressure, made hospital treatment necessary. Instrumental investigation through a stress test on a moving carpet, doppler, echo-doppler and digitalized angiography of the arterial vessels of the lower limbs shows the presence of bilateral impairment attributable to the chronic intake of ergotamine.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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