1/12. Premenarchal athletic injury to the breast bud as the cause for asymmetry: prevention and treatment.Some variation in breast size is normal and is common in most women. When this variation becomes large and appreciable asymmetry develops--greater than a one-cup size difference--the asymmetry often disrupts the patient's life. The etiology of most breast asymmetries is unknown; however, current theories on causes include endocrine, iatrogenic, and traumatic injury. The Tulane University Plastic Surgery Service recently evaluated two cases of breast asymmetries that developed after traumatic injury to the breast bud while the body was under increased physical stress. Both girls sustained injuries at approximately 10 to 11 years old (Tanner Stages I-II) while participating in gymnastics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. A case of fat necrosis after breast quadrantectomy in which preoperative diagnosis was enabled by MRI with fat suppression technique.A 63-year-old woman was found to have a left breast mass after quadrantectomy and radiation for bilateral breast cancer on postoperative cyclic examination. Intramammary recurrence could not be excluded by physical examination, mammography, or ultrasound examination. MR imaging with fat suppression technique revealed an oil-containing lesion, indicating fat necrosis. It was confirmed histologically that the mass-forming lesion included no cancer tissue. MR imaging with fat suppression technique appears to be a promising method for identification of postoperative mass lesions of the breast.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.542678295379keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast.OBJECTIVE: Juvenile (virginal) hypertrophy of the breast (JHB) is a relatively rare condition leading to gigantomastia in peripubertal females. The pathology is limited usually to the breast, with otherwise normal growth and development and without any other deformities. The rapid growth of the breast (bilateral or unilateral) in adolescent girls leads to significant physical and psychological difficulties. This gigantomastia is treated surgically by breast reduction or mastectomy and its modification. Familial JHB was described only once in the literature, and its etiology is unknown. RESULTS: We report here on a familial pattern of juvenile hypertrophy of the breast accompanied by congenital anonychia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a presentation. Our study dealt with four members of the same family, related through their fathers, enduring congenital anonychia of hands and feet with no functional limitation and who showed rapid uncontrolled breast enlargement in prepubertal age. This was severe enough to cause the curtailment of their social activity and cessation of schooling. The mothers of all four patients had normal breasts and nails, whereas their fathers had anonychia. The genetic basis for the association between the two clinical findings is yet to be determined. CONCLUSION: The four girls underwent breast reduction surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. diagnosis and management of candida of the nipple and breast.diagnosis and treatment of ductal and/or nipple candidiasis in breastfeeding women is complicated by the variety of symptoms women experience. The differential diagnosis includes candidiasis of the nipple, candidiasis of the breast, bacterial infection of either nipple or breast, and other less common problems such as Raynaud's syndrome. diagnosis and treatment are based on history, physical examination, and presenting symptomatology because cultures of breast milk are often inconclusive. Differential diagnoses and treatment options are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.542678295379keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. giant cell arteritis of the breast: case report and literature review.The clinical and pathologic features of a case of giant cell arteritis presenting in the breast and those of seven previously reported similar cases are described. A unique finding in the present case was a coincidental in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the same biopsy specimen. All the patients were postmenopausal women who presented with a firm mass in one or both breasts that mimicked a carcinoma on physical examination. There was no definite clinical evidence of temporal artery involvement in any patient, and two patients had normal temporal arteries on histologic examination. Five patients, however, had systemic manifestations, arteritis in another site, or both. giant cell arteritis presenting in the breast may occur as an isolated finding or represent a manifestation of more widespread disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.542678295379keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Areolar gland discharge in adolescent females.Two Tanner stage IV adolescent females with secretion of material from the areolar glands of the breast are described. This report, as well as previous case reports, indicates that the condition is benign in the presence of an otherwise unremarkable physical examination. In contrast to galactorrhea, which must be evaluated completely, areolar gland discharge appears to be a curiosity that may be as rare as the number of case reports would suggest. It appears to warrant nothing more than careful observation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.542678295379keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Galactography: the diagnostic procedure of choice for nipple discharge.Galactography was performed in 204 women with a nipple discharge and the secretion confirmed histopathologically. All 116 intraductal tumors (papilloma, papillomatosis, carcinoma), which were associated with a serous or bloody discharge, were detected preoperatively. A palpable mass had little diagnostic significance, and exfoliative cytology was positive in only 11% (2/18) of the patients with carcinoma. The authors recommend that all patients with a spontaneous bloody or serous discharge from a single lactiferous orifice undergo galactography in addition to physical, cytological, and mammographic examination. Intraductal injection of methylene blue dye will demonstrate the affected duct system to the surgeon and can often make surgery less radical or even unnecessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. Mondor disease in pregnancy.Mondor disease, or superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast, is an uncommon disorder that occurs only rarely in pregnant women. One such case is presented here followed by a review of the clinicopathologic features of the disease. Accurate diagnosis of Mondor disease is based almost entirely on careful physical examination of the breast, and no specific treatment is required. Its major clinical significance lies in the need to distinguish it from malignancy of the breast.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.542678295379keywords = physical examination, physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. Diabetic fibrous breast disease: a clinical entity that mimics cancer.Three typical cases of fibrous mastopathy associated with diabetes mellitus are described. The histological change is a connective-tissue overgrowth with vasculitis and some proliferation of duct epithelium. The clinical changes are indistinguishable by physical or radiographic findings from malignancy. In young patients with long-standing diabetes the presence of one or more suspicious clinical and imaging findings can suggest the presence of this lesion but a surgical biopsy or, at least, a close follow-up is required.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. An unusual case of coccidioidomycosis.Dissemination of coccidioidomycosis is rare. The skin, musculoskeletal system, and central nervous system have been described as the most common sites of extrapulmonary disease. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient in whom the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was made on a lymph node biopsy. The biopsy was performed because of an abnormal mammogram and physical findings suggestive of malignancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = physical (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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