1/453. Parkinson's syndrome after closed head injury: a single case report.A 36 year old man, who sustained a skull fracture in 1984, was unconscious for 24 hours, and developed signs of Parkinson's syndrome 6 weeks after the injury. When assessed in 1995, neuroimaging disclosed a cerebral infarction due to trauma involving the left caudate and lenticular nucleus. Parkinson's syndrome was predominantly right sided, slowly progressive, and unresponsive to levodopa therapy. reaction time tests showed slowness of movement initiation and execution with both hands, particularly the right. Recording of movement related cortical potentials suggested bilateral deficits in movement preparation. Neuropsychological assessment disclosed no evidence of major deficits on tests assessing executive function or working memory, with the exception of selective impairments on the Stroop and on a test of self ordered random number sequences. There was evidence of abulia. The results are discussed in relation to previous literature on basal ganglia lesions and the effects of damage to different points of the frontostriatal circuits.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cerebral, infarction, cerebral infarction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/453. The role of early left-brain injury in determining lateralization of cerebral speech functions.Preparatory to craniotomy for the relief of medically refractory focal epilepsy, the lateralization of cerebral speech functions was determined by the Wada intracarotid Amytal test in 134 patients with clinical and radiologic evidence of an early left-hemisphere lesion. Their results were compared with those for 262 patients (140 right-handed, 122 left-handed), who were tested in a similar way. One-third of the patients with early lesions were still right-handed, and 81% of these right-handers were left-hemisphere dominant for speech. In the non-right-handers, speech was represented in the left cerebral hemisphere in nearly a third of the group, in the right hemisphere in half the group, and bilaterally in the remainder. Bilateral speech representation was demonstrated in 15% of the non-right-handers without early left-brain injury and in 19% of those with evidence of such early injury, whereas it was extremely rare in the right-handed groups. In addition, nearly half the patients with bilateral speech representation exhibited a complete or partial dissociation between errors of naming and errors in the repetition of verbal sequences after Amytal injection into left or right hemispheres. This points to the possibility of a functionally asymmetric participation of the two hemispheres in the language processes of some normal left-handers. The results of the Amytal speech tests in this series of patients point to locus of lesion as one of the critical determinants in the lateralization of cerebral speech processes after early left-brain injury. It is argued that in such cases the continuing dominance of the left hemisphere for speech in largely contingent upon the integrity of the frontal and parietal speech zones.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.315879854825keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/453. Severe craniocerebral injury by an axe with good outcome: case report.We report a young patient who was operated on for a penetrating slow impact craniocerebral injury in the left frontal region caused by an axe. The patient was admitted comatose, with right hemiplegia. The blade of the axe was embedded deeply into his head. A craniectomy was carried out around the axe blade and it was removed easily. The cerebral wound was 6 cm long in horizontal plane and about 7 cm deep. Significant amount of contused and necrotic brain tissue was aspirated. The patient showed an uneventful recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.5564684469929keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/453. resuscitation of the multitrauma patient with head injury.head injury remains the leading cause of death from trauma. The definitive method for eliminating preventable death from traumatic brain injury remains elusive. New research underscores the danger of inadequate or inappropriate support of oxygenation, ventilation, and perfusion to cerebral tissues. The belief that sensitivity to hypotension makes the patient with head injury fundamentally different is critical to nursing strategies. The conventional concept that fluid restriction decreases cerebral edema in patients with head injury must be weighed against mounting evidence that aggressive hemodynamic support decreases the incidence of subsequent organ system failure and secondary brain injury. New evidence has triggered a scrutiny of conventional interventions. A search for optimal treatments based on prospective randomized trials will continue. Development of neuroprotective drugs and use of hypertonic saline may be on the horizon. In an effort to ensure optimal outcome, contemporary trauma nursing must embrace new concepts, shed outmoded therapy, and ensure compliance with the basic tenets of critical care for the multitrauma patient with head injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5188228156643keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/453. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in acute brain injury.Whether or not nonconvulsive status epilepticus produces permanent brain damage is a source of controversy. Contributing to the controversy is the lack of clarity for classifying the clinical and electrographic phenomena that constitute nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus commonly occurs in the context of an acute brain injury. For example, it commonly persists in generalized convulsive status epilepticus after convulsive activity has stopped, and it is not uncommonly associated with acute cerebral ischemia. Its clinical characteristics are ambiguous, subtle, and nonspecific making the diagnosis difficult. In the absence of EEG testing, it is likely to be missed or delayed. When acute brain injury and nonconvulsive status epilepticus occur concurrently, the severity of acute brain injury has traditionally been accepted as determining patient outcome. However, increasing evidence suggests that the two conditions are synergistically detrimental and increase brain injury. Guidelines remain to be established for the intensity and duration of anticonvulsant therapy in these patients. Evidence suggests that, in the absence of extreme and irreversible acute brain injury, early intensive intervention is necessary to improve the otherwise poor outcome of these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75941140783215keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/453. rupture of several parasagittal bridging veins without subdural bleeding.This case reports on a fatal craniocerebral trauma involving numerous ruptured cerebral bridging veins that did not bleed subdurally, despite approximately 15 hours of survival. A 15-year-old girl was severely injured as the passenger of a car that crashed sideways into a tree. She-suffered a cerebral trauma of the "diffuse injury" type and was unconscious after the accident. Her computed tomographic scan at admission showed massive brain edema, axial herniation, and marked hypodensity of the bilateral carotid flow area. Despite intensive care measures, the clinical course was characterized by central decompensation with therapy-resistant cardiocirculatory insufficiency. The autopsy revealed ruptures of numerous parasagittal bridging veins. The injured vessels were not thrombosed, and yet there was absolutely no subdural bleeding. This unusual combination of findings is assumed to be caused by an isolated collapse of cerebral circulation occurring shortly after the accident and primarily attributed to a rapid increase of intracranial pressure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.0376456313286keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/453. Unilateral retinal hemorrhages in documented cases of child abuse.PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of unilateral retinal hemorrhages in four cases of documented child abuse, including a case in which retinal hemorrhages were an incidental finding on routine examination. methods: case reports. RESULTS: Three children, 5 to 17 months of age, with suspected child abuse had fundus examinations with a dilated pupil as part of their evaluation. An additional child, 6 months of age, received fundus examination with a dilated pupil as part of follow-up for regressed retinopathy of prematurity. Each of the four children had extensive retinal or preretinal hemorrhages in one eye only. Three of the four had ecchymoses on the ipsilateral face or neck. Two had evidence of bone fractures on skeletal surveys. All four had neuroimaging that documented cerebral hemorrhage or infarct. In all four cases an adult caretaker was found responsible for shaking, choking, or squeezing the child. One child died. Two had resolution of retinal hemorrhage, whereas one required vitrectomy. All three had at least partial recovery of vision in the affected eye after amblyopia treatment. CONCLUSION: In cases of documented child abuse, unilateral retinal or preretinal hemorrhages may be present. Ophthalmologists should recognize that unilateral retinal or preretinal hemorrhages may be associated with child abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75941140783215keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/453. The importance of CT scans in planning the removal of orbital-frontal lobe foreign bodies.PURPOSE: To describe the management of foreign bodies in the orbit and frontal lobe. methods: Reports of two cases. RESULTS: Both patients underwent successful removal of an orbital-cerebral foreign body by anterior orbitotomy. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography was useful to confirm preoperatively that the foreign body was not adjacent to cerebral blood vessels and to monitor postoperatively for cerebral hemorrhage. A team approach is necessary in the management of orbital-frontal lobe foreign bodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.2782342234964keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/453. basilar artery dissection in a young woman: a case report.The case of a young woman with basilar artery dissection, possibly precipitated by trauma, is presented, and the literature is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.24399545655536keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/453. Carotid artery-sygmoid sinus fistula: a rare complication of gunshot wound on the base of the cranium.Vascular lesions without clinical manifestation may occur in cranial-facial wounds produced by bullets that course the base of the cranium. This work describes a rare kind of vascular complication in cranial-facial gunshot wound. The authors present the case of a patient, the victim of a cranium-maxillary gunshot wound. Carotid angiography revealed a carotid-sygmoid sinus fistula that filled the sygmoid and transverse sinuses, concomitant to the arterial angiographic phase. A direct communication between the external carotid artery and the sygmoid sinus was disclosed. We are not aware of any other description of this vascular complication in cranial gunshot wound. It is important to recognize this kind of complication in cases of cranial-facial gunshot wound, because new factors harmful to the brain perfusion systems are introduced, in addition to the alterations to venous return and intracranial pressure, caused by the primary trauma. The new non-invasive vascular diagnostic methods are proving useful in filling the gap left by arteriography, which is no longer used in these cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.24399545655536keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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