1/10. Bilateral basal ganglion haemorrhage in diabetic ketoacidotic coma: case report.We report bilateral oedema and haemorrhagic transformation in the basal ganglia of a 59-year old woman with severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Lack of cerebral vascular autoregulation, followed by blood-brain barrier disruption due to the so-called breakthrough mechanism is presumed to be the cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in intermediate form of maple syrup urine disease.An 8-year-old boy with the intermediate variant of maple syrup urine disease is reported. On b = 1000 s/mm2 (heavily diffusion weighted) images of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, there was symmetric high signal in the globus pallidus, mesencephalon, dorsal pons, and nucleus dentatus, consistent with restriction of the mobility of water molecules. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps revealed low ADC values ranging from 0.42 to 0.56 x 10(-3) mm2/s in these regions, compared to those of apparently unaffected regions in the brain parenchyma ranging from 0.63 to 0.97 x 10(-3) mm2/s. It is suggested that the areas of increased signal (and low ADC values) are the result of dysmyelination as a reflection of disorganized tissue integrity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00065289624777keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Conjugate eye deviation due to traumatic striatal-subthalamic lesion.We report the case of a 22-year-old man after severe cranial trauma, who was noted to have conjugate eye deviation (CED) to the left. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated a lesion in the left (ipsilateral) striatal-subthalamic region. The involvement of supranuclear fibres from the left frontal eye field (FEF) traveling to the right parapontine reticular formation (PPRF) could explain this clinical finding. Alternatively, involvement of deep brain nuclei, such as the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, could be responsible for this phenomenon. This neurological presentation is unusual after severe cranial trauma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00065289624777keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Diffusion MRI in the postmortem brain: case report.Postmortem brain of a ten-month-old child was examined by MR imaging, and diffusion MR imaging at the 12th hour after death in order to disclose the cause of death. There were basal ganglion lesions indicating a mitochondrial disorder. There was a prominent difference between the ADC values of the white matter (0.28 /-0.04 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and cortex (0.42 /-0.04 x 10(-3) mm2/s), and this was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). This difference suggested that in the postmortem brain the conditions in the white matter leading to restriction of movement of water molecules are more severe than that in the cortex.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = basal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Traumatic cerebral edema relieved by stellate ganglion anesthesia.stellate ganglion neural blockade reverses within seconds anoxemia and edema by release of catecholamine vasoconstriction of the small arteries. The factor xii enzyme cascade is controlled by increased oxygenated arterial blood flow and a normal pH. My patient's rapid recovery reflects the effectiveness of this approach for treatment of traumatic cerebral edema. Continuing edema with its scar-forming process injures brain neuron function. A patient's level of recovery or survival requires such immediate and effective control of edema.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.35164077846558keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Bilateral central ptosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.A man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome suddenly developed bilateral complete ptosis and minor vertical gaze limitation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the midbrain surrounding the sylvian aqueduct in addition to bilateral masses in the caudate nuclei. Pathologic examination showed that the caudate lesions were central nervous system lymphoma of B cell origin, but the midbrain lesion contained only signs of AIDS encephalopathy. The periaqueductal lesion involved the caudal central subnucleus and probably also the subnuclei of the superior and inferior recti of the oculomotor nuclear complex bilaterally.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00065289624777keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Changes in the basal ganglia and thalamus following reperfusion after complete cerebral ischaemia.We report specific changes bilaterally in the basal ganglia and thalamus following reperfusion after complete cerebral ischaemia. A 69-year-old man, resuscitated after cardiac arrest, showed symmetrical low-density lesions in the head of the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus on CT. MRI revealed methaemoglobin derived from minor haemorrhage in the basal ganglia and thalamus, not evident on CT. We suggest that this haemorrhage results from diapedesis of red blood cells through the damaged capillary endothelium following reperfusion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00130579249554keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. cadmium encephalopathy: a report with elemental analysis and pathological findings.We report a boy of East Indian origin, aged 2 years and 10 months, who died suddenly and unexpectedly. autopsy findings showed marked cerebral swelling with herniation and histological evidence of marked cerebral edema with perivascular protein leakage, indicating blood-brain barrier disruption. Energy dispersive X-ray microprobe analysis of the brain demonstrated the presence of cadmium and a marked increase in sulfur, predominantly intracellular, both within neuroglial, and to a lesser degree endothelial, cells. Localization was predominantly in the nucleus. Analysis of the kidney showed cadmium deposition in renal tubules and in the basal lamina of podocytes within the glomerulus. Although the environmental source of cadmium remains unknown, we speculate that acute cadmium toxicity led to brain intracellular accumulation with resultant cellular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and lethal cerebral edema.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00065289624777keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Acute ischemic stroke from fibrocartilaginous embolism to the middle cerebral artery.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fibrocartilaginous embolism from the nucleus pulposus has been reported as a rare cause of spinal cord ischemia. We were unable to find previous reports of embolism from this source to cerebral arteries. CASE DESCRIPTION: A previously healthy 17-year-old girl fell during a basketball game. Left hemiparesis and unresponsiveness developed followed by signs of right uncal herniation and death over a 3-day period. There was no evidence of neck, head, or spine trauma, and cardiac evaluation was normal. Neuropathological examination showed extensive ischemic infarction of the right middle cerebral artery territory, brain edema, and herniation. Complete embolic occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery by fibrocartilaginous material, consistent with nucleus pulposus, was documented. Small, terminal coronary artery branches also showed embolism by the same material and limited areas of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebral embolism after minor trauma in a young patient may be rarely due to fibrocartilaginous embolism from the nucleus pulposus. The pathogenesis of this problem remains poorly understood, but systemic embolism appeared to have occurred in this case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00195868874331keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Gangliocytoma--magnetic resonance imaging characteristics.An atypical presentation of a temporal lobe gangliocytoma in an adult female with headaches is reported. Computed tomography showed a hypodense enhancing mass in the right temporal lobe with vasogenic oedema and mass effect. MRI demonstrated a well demarcated mass of low signal on T1W, intermediate signal on PDW, high signal on T2W and homogeneous enhancement on post-gadolinium scan. This case is an addition to the current literature for the characteristic MR features of a ganglion cell tumour.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.070328155693116keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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