1/9. Facial myokymia associated with an isolated lesion of the facial nucleus.We report on a patient with transient facial myokymia. He had an isolated lesion of the right facial nucleus in the pontine tegmentum. Facial myokymia is a rare symptom and its pathogenesis is not known. Our case had a very localized lesion and we attempted to determine the case of the facial myokymia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. blepharospasm hemifacial spasm and tremors possibly due to isolated caudate nucleus lesions.Isolated caudate nucleus lesions have only rarely been documented to cause focal extrapyramidal dysfunction. Two cases with possible infarcts in the head of left caudate nucleus presenting with contralateral tremors and blepharospasm with hemifacial spasm are reported. The possible mechanisms for such a presentation are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Transient blepharospasm secondary to unilateral striatal infarction.We report on a patient who presented a transient eyelid motor disorder characterized by bilateral reflex blepharospasm as the main clinical manifestation of a right-sided striatal infarction. This case emphasizes the role of the nondominant striatum in the pathophysiology of eyelid motor abnormalities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13.268415388288keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Ipsilateral blepharospasm and contralateral hemidystonia and parkinsonism in a patient with a unilateral rostral brainstem-thalamic lesion: structural and functional abnormalities studied with CT, MRI, and PET scanning.A patient developed progressive right hemidystonia in childhood. Subsequently, left-sided blepharospasm, slurred and stuttering speech, and right-sided rigidity and bradykinesia, responsive to dopamine agonists, appeared. Investigation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 43 years revealed a left-sided calcified rostral brainstem-thalamic lesion of uncertain aetiology. Although no structural lesion was seen in the striatal regions, L-[18F]-fluorodopa uptake was severely diminished in the left striatum but normal on the right. Dopamine receptor binding identified by [11C]-methylspiperone was in the normal range on both sides.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13.268415388288keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Pathological report of four patients presenting with cranial dystonias.Secondary dystonias and experimental models of dystonia suggest that mechanisms responsible for primary dystonias may lie in the basal ganglia or brainstem. A histological study has been done in three patients with cranial dystonia (blepharospasm with oromandibular dystonia in two, blepharospasm alone in one), and one patient with craniocervical dystonia (oromandibular dystonia with retrocollis). In the patient with blepharospasm alone, an angioma, 0.5 mm in diameter, was found in the dorsal pons at the site of the central tegmental tract, confirming that some patients presenting with primary dystonias may have longstanding lesions in the brainstem. In the three other cases, the striatum, pallidum, thalamus, and brainstem were examined and cell populations in the putamen, substantia nigra, and inferior olives were compared with age-matched controls, but no significant abnormality was found.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13.268415388288keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Progressive supranuclear palsy: report of a case with torticollis, blepharospasm, and dysfluency.A 76-year-old man is reported with advanced progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who developed a persistent, gradually progressive torticollis over a period of several months. blepharospasm and dysfluency of the extrapyramidal type antedated the torticollis. This first report of torticollis in PSP reinforces previous notions that torticollis is related to pathologic changes in the striatum and brainstem. In addition, the combination of torticollis and blepharospasm in our patient supports the previous concept that these two "focal dystonias" have a common pathophysiologic mechanism. This also suggests that dysfluency in PSP may be an expression of a focal dystonia involving the muscles of articulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13.268415388288keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. blepharospasm with bilateral basal ganglia infarction.Severe, involuntary, forceful closure of both eyelids, along with dystonia and rigidity, followed hypoxic encephalopathy in a young man whose computed tomographic scan showed symmetric infarcts of the corpus striatum. Symptomatic blepharospasm can result from bilateral damage to the basal ganglia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 13.268415388288keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. blepharospasm--successful treatment with baclofen and sodium valproate. A case report.In a patient with idiopathic blepharospasm treatment with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mimetic combination of baclofen and sodium valproate resulted in complete and sustained remission of symptoms and signs. It is suggested that blepharospasm results from a relative deficiency of GABA-ergic neurons and dopamine predominance in the striatum, and that treatment with the GABA-mimetic agents (baclofen and sodium valproate) represents a more physiological means of reducing dopaminergic predominance in the striatum. This report, together with previous reports, suggests that the combination of these two agents should be tried in the initial management of this syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 26.536830776576keywords = striatum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. reflex blepharospasm associated with bilateral basal ganglia lesion.A patient with a bilateral striatal lesion secondary to anoxia presented reflex blepharospasm associated with parkinsonism and dystonia in the limbs. The blink reflex excitability curve was enhanced and the R-2 response prolonged as in patients with essential blepharospasm. The findings in this patient support the notion that blepharospasm may be secondary to basal ganglia dysfunction through abnormal facilitation of reticular formation neurons controlling facial nucleus motoneuron excitability.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = nucleus (Clic here for more details about this article) |