1/30. A case of pseudo-aprosencephaly.We present a case of rare, severe brain malformations. In a microcephalic premature newborn only a small structure found in the base of the cranium corresponded to the prosencephalic part of the brain. The basal ganglia were lacking and the cortico-subcortical area changed into empty vesicles with only small fragments of cortical stripe. This picture authorises us to speak on the probably complex pathomechanism of anomalies: genetically caused malformations including underdevelopment of telencephalic nuclei and additional occurrence of extrinsic lesions leading to pseudo-aprosencephaly formation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/30. The smile in anencephalic infants.During the period 1947-1959 twelve new-born mero-anencephalics were observed, who survived for more than 1 day after birth. Two even lived for 20 and 237 days, respectively. In 4 of the 12 children studied touching or slight pressure, and also faradic stimulation of various spots of the cerebro-vascular area were invariably followed by a facial expression which was very similar to smiling. Movies of it were shown to groups of impartial observers. In 78% the facial expression was judged to be a smile, a laugh or a grin. The neuroanatomical finding of a largely intact pontine tegmentum as being the most rostrally situated identifiable structure of the brainstem, has led to the hypothesis that the neural mechanisms underlying the smile are localized in the pontine tegmentum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/30. Partial duplication 2p as the sole abnormality in two cases with anencephaly.Anencephaly/NTD has been observed in aneuploid and non-aneuploid individuals. We present two cases of anencephaly diagnosed prenatally with partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 2 as the sole abnormality. The absence of aneuploidy involving other regions of the genome in these cases, further substantiates suggestions of the existence of a gene or genes on the short arm of chromosome 2 critical in the development of the central nervous system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1415763946252keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/30. Anencephaly in a fetus with osteogenesis imperfecta: early diagnosis by transvaginal sonography.Early prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta at 14 weeks' gestation by transvaginal sonography is reported. An anencephalic fetus was found at autopsy, although on sonographic examination complete brain tissue had been observed. A possible explanation for these findings and theories on the pathogenesis of anencephaly are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/30. Sonographic markers of exencephaly below 10 weeks' gestation.We report two cases of exencephaly diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography at 8 weeks 4 days and at 9 weeks 3 days of gestation. Both cases presented an irregular cephalic pole, and, in the case seen at 8 weeks 4 days, brain vesicles were also absent, whereas in the case seen at 9 weeks 3 days, the midline echo was indistinguishable with disorganized choroid plexuses. In both cases, anencephaly was evident at 11 and 12 weeks' gestation and the postmortem confirmed the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/30. Possible evidence for secondary degeneration of central nervous system in the pathogenesis of anencephaly and brain dysraphia. A study in young human fetuses.In an attempt to help elucidate pathogenetically those human cases exemplifying secondary degeneration of the neural tube causing brain dysraphia, macroscopic and histologic observations of two young human fetuses are described. A nine-week-old anencephalic fetus exhibited an absence of spinal cord (amyelia) with retention of neural crest derivatives (dorsal root ganglion cells and thusir processes, and sympathetic ganglia) implying the presence of a neural tube in early gestation. The second, ten-week-old exencephalic case exhibited restricted brain hemorrhage and necrosis of the telencephalon and brain stem amongst otherwise normal brain and spinal cord tissue. These two young fetal cases may represent examples of a previously normal neural tube which has undergone degeneration at a stage where neural crest has already undergone differentiation, and thus distinguishes them from cases of complete dysraphism which probably results from primary degeneration during neurulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.5663055785008keywords = central nervous system, brain, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/30. A case report of recurrent anencephaly and literature review.Anencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly in which the forebrain, meninges, vault of the skull, and scalp all fail to form. We report a case of a 32-year-old gravida 2 woman with an anencephalic fetus detected at the 21st gestational week. She had a history of an intrauterine fetal death of an anencephalic fetus at the 20th gestational week two years before. We present the case and briefly review the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/30. Cerebral cortical contributions to sensory evoked potentials: hydranencephaly.The contribution of the cerebral cortex to the generation of sensory evoked potentials was studied in an infant with hydranencephaly. On CT scan no tissue above the thalamus was noted. Long-latency potentials to auditory stimuli were absent whereas the short-latency or brain-stem auditory evoked potentials and some of the components of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (No and Po) were present. To visual stimulation only the electroretinogram was detected. To somatosensory stimulation only the spinal cord potentials could be detected. The absence of long-latency components in each of the sensory modalities supports the concept that these potentials require intact cerebral hemispheres in man.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/30. evoked potentials and Doppler vascular studies in hydranencephaly.A study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials, electro-encephalography and doppler vascular scans were conducted in an infant with hydranencephaly. The abnormalities detected were consistent with the gross cerebral cortical anomaly in hydranencephaly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/30. MRI and evoked potentials in a child with hydranencephaly.magnetic resonance imaging and evoked potential studies were performed on an infant with hydranencephaly. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the absence of cortical tissue with a structurally intact mid- and hind-brain. evoked potentials confirmed the loss of cortical activity with preservation of brainstem function. These diagnostic tests gave efficient and precise information concerning the extent of the intracranial pathology and prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |