1/14. Revision surgical hair restoration: repair of undesirable results.Surgical hair restoration has been performed as a treatment for male pattern hair loss for more than 40 years. Although techniques have changed dramatically over the past several years, making it possible to achieve natural-appearing results, there are still many patients with unacceptable outcomes. These patients may have had procedures performed in the past with antiquated techniques or performed recently with substandard techniques. The causes of unfavorable results can be classified into one of three categories: technical errors, poor planning, or complications. The results in these patients can be dramatically improved through a number of different reparative surgical techniques. The majority of these techniques can be performed in an office outpatient setting. More than 40 patients unsatisfied with previous surgical hair restoration have been treated with the different techniques reviewed in this article. All patients had successful outcomes with significant improvement in appearance. Despite the increased challenges when performing reparative surgery, outcomes were favorable in all patients, with small to significant improvements in appearance achieved. Some of these challenges include the limited supply of donor hairs, reduced scalp laxity, and theoretically reduced vascularity due to scarring and transected blood vessels, and patient skepticism. Furthermore, the few complications that occurred were minor and correctable, including one case each of poor hair growth associated with extensive small graft (consisting of one to four hairs) transplanting, and of scalp scarring associated with the removal and primary closure of a large number of "plug" grafts (typically grafts 3 to 4 mm in size consisting of seven or more hairs) in a single procedure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/14. Conjunctival edema and alopecia of the external third of the eyebrows in a patient with meige syndrome.PURPOSE: To describe a patient with meige syndrome in whom we observed the coexistence of hereditary lymphedema of the lower legs, conjunctival edema and alopecia of the lateral third of the eyebrows. methods: Case report. RESULTS: Histological examination of the conjunctival and skin specimens showed dermal edema and a slight reduction in the number of severely ectatic lymphatics in the reticular dermis. The vessel were identified as lymphatics on the basis of immunohistochemical evidence of discontinuity and/or absence of basement membrane. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and histological findings suggest that the etiopathogenesis of the edema in meige syndrome is related to a structural ectatic defect of lymphatics. This anomaly seems to involve both skin and other sites, such as conjunctival mucosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/14. Concurrence of sarcoidosis and aortitis: case report and review of the literature.takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare manifestation of systemic large vessel vasculitis which affects predominantly the aorta and its main branches, but often remains unrecognised owing to delayed diagnosis and non-characteristic clinical features. sarcoidosis, too, is a systemic inflammatory disease which can affect virtually any organ system. Reports about the coincidence of both diseases have appeared. The case presented here is characterised by a significant time lag between detection of TA and appearance of clinical signs of sarcoidosis. The woman, now 39 years old, had erythema nodosum, circumscript alopecia, and recurrent uveitis, which dated back to 1980 and was attributed to sarcoidosis. At least 12 years later aortic valve insufficiency with progressive cardiac failure developed. histology performed at the time of aortic valve prosthesis in 1997 disclosed a diagnosis of TA, which was confined to the aortic root. Incidentally, sarcoidosis was diagnosed in adjacent lymph nodes. A thorough check up failed to detect further manifestations of TA; thus, possibly, the patients had aortitis similar to, but not identical with, TA.Several related cases previously reported are discussed, suggesting that both diseases may be inherently related as they are characterised by certain non-specific, immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case report suggests that the prevalence of TA, or related forms of arteritis, may be higher than expected and should be considered, especially in younger patients with non-characteristic cardiovascular symptoms and suspected systemic inflammatory disease. Moreover, the association with sarcoidosis in this and other previously described cases suggests that the two diseases may be related and that TA or TA-like vasculitis may even be a complication of sarcoidosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/14. hair growth following scalp microvascular flap transfer for baldness due to burn injury.A female patient, 8 years of age, presented with baldness of the right scalp following deep scalds from boiling soup landing on the head, neck, and chest. The depth of the burn was severe enough to cause baldness. She was primarily advised to wear a wig to address the problem of baldness on one side. Surgery was planned to use uninjured scalp skin to offer hairy skin coverage of the bald site. A left scalp skin flap (2.5 by 7 cm) based on the superficial temporal artery and vein was transferred to the bald area, with microvascular anastomosis to the superficial temporal vessels on the right side. There was complete survival of the flap with uneventful recovery and satisfactory growth of hair. hair growth from the flap was comparatively thicker than from the rest of the scalp. This microvascular flap has produced sufficient hair to cover the entire area of the baldness and the patient does not need to wear a wig.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/14. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with follicular mucinosis.Follicular mucinosis is described to our knowledge for the first time in angiolymphoid hyperplasia. In general, follicular mucinosis may be regarded as a peculiar, nonspecific histological reaction pattern in follicular epithelium that may occur on its own or in association with other pathological processes, particularly lymphomas. The unusual and characteristic features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia revealed by electron microscopy are irregular vessels lined by atypical endothelial cells with convoluted nuclei and large cytoplasmic vacuoles.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/14. Ocular findings in ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia (IFAP) syndrome.PURPOSE: To report the ocular findings in two siblings with IFAP and their mother and to review the natural course of the keratopathy of this disease. methods: Clinical ophthalmological examination of all patients and fundus photography of the carrier mother were performed. RESULTS: Both affected male children had severe photophobia, total superficial and deep corneal vascularization, and reduction of vision to counting fingers.The mother had tortuous retinal vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Males with IFAP have an inexorable progression of corneal vascularization and loss of vision. Retinal vascular tortuosity may be another clinical sign of carrier status in females.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/14. Lipedematous scalp and lipedematous alopecia: a clinical and histologic analysis of 3 cases.BACKGROUND: Lipedematous alopecia and lipedematous scalp are two similar unusual conditions mostly affecting healthy black women. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to report three cases of this condition with emphasis on clinical and histologic findings, and to review the literature on the subject. methods: The study includes clinical, echographic, and histologic findings of 3 patients, complemented with a literature review. RESULTS: Two cases of lipedematous alopecia and one of lipedematous scalp in 3 white women had echographic confirmation of an increased subcutaneous layer. The presence of ectatic lymphatic vessels in the two cases with hair loss was particularly emphasized. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a lessened role of racial factors, but confirms the sex implications in these related conditions, and stress the potential significance of lymphangiectatic vessels in the development of alopecia in these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/14. Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler.Grafted fat has many attributes of an ideal filler, but the results, like those of any procedure, are technique dependent. Fat grafting remains shrouded in the stigma of variable results experienced by most plastic surgeons when they first graft fat. However, many who originally reported failure eventually report success after altering their methods of harvesting, refinement, and placement. Many surgeons have refined their techniques to obtain long-term survival and volume replacement with grafted fat. They have observed that transplanted fat not only adjusts facial and body proportion but also improves surrounding tissues into which the fat is placed. They have noted not only the improvement in the quality of aging skin and scars but also a remarkable improvement in conditions such as radiation damage, chronic ulceration, breast capsular contracture, and damaged vocal cords. The mechanism of fat graft survival is not clear, and the role of adipose-derived stem cells and preadipocytes in fat survival remains to be determined. Early research has indicated the possible involvement of more undifferentiated cells in some of the observed effects of fat grafting on surrounding tissues. Of particular interest is the research that has pointed to the use of stem cells to repair and even to become bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, nerves, and skin. Further studies are essential to understand grafted fat tissue.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/14. Angiosarcoma (angioendothelioma) of the scalp. An unusual case of scarring alopecia.Angiosarcoma with initial involvement of the scalp is a rare, malignant neoplasm. We present the case of a 77-year-old woman in whom extensive scarring alopecia developed that was proved histologically to be due to angiosarcoma. She had a good initial response to treatment with electron-beam therapy, but after seven months, extensive nodules and indurated areas on the face beyond the borders of the radiation field developed. Subsequently, massive cervical adenopathy and metastases to the lungs, liver, and spleen developed. Angiosarcoma must be differentiated from other malignant blood vessel tumors and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scarring alopecia of the scalp in elderly patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/14. Congenital triangular alopecia.We report a child with bilateral congenital triangular alopecia. Shaving the scalp and inserting intravenous cannulas into scalp vessels during the neonatal period was misconstrued by the parents as the cause of hair loss, and resulted in medicolegal implications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vessel (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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