1/26. peritoneal dialysis in an infant with type 1 diabetes and hyperosmolar coma.Hyperosmolar coma which is characterized by severe hyperglycemia in absence of chetosis is very rare in pediatric age with only 11 cases reported in the literature. The outcome of the condition is usually poor with mental retardation being the most common event. Here a case of hyperosmolar coma is described in a female of three months of age who was treated with peritoneal dialysis 11 hours after admittance to hospital. This female patient has been receiving insulin from three months of age and today at the age of 10 years she leads a normal life despite being on insulin therapy. A very low level of c-peptide (<0.3 ng/ml) clearly confirms she is affected by Type 1 diabetes. To our knowledge this is the first case report of hyperosmolar coma in a neonate with Type 1 diabetes who survived this condition without late neurological consequences.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/26. metformin-associated lactic acidosis.In 1995, the oral antihyperglycemic agent, metformin, was introduced in the united states for treating diabetes mellitus. Rare cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis caused by the accumulation of the drug in patients with renal dysfunction have been described, although a detailed time course of the resulting metabolic derangements has not been reported. A case of metformin-associated lactic acidosis is presented along with key serial laboratory abnormalities observed during the treatment phase. The patient made a complete recovery following therapy with hemodialysis and supportive care.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3295383626397keywords = diabetes mellitus, mellitus, diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/26. metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a low risk patient.metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent belonging to the class of biguanides that are commonly used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Lactic acidosis is a rare but severe adverse reaction that occurs primarily in patients with contraindications such as renal failure. The case of a 71-year-old woman with type II diabetes, in whom severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis was precipitated by acute renal failure in the absence of pre-existing chronic renal failure or other absolute contraindications to biguanide use, is presented. Aggressive correction of the acidosis and prolonged dialysis resulted in a favourable outcome despite severe acidosis. The present case report shows that metformin-associated lactic acidosis can occur in patients without pre-existing renal insufficiency. metformin should be temporarily stopped when acute renal failure occurs or is anticipated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4962050293064keywords = diabetes mellitus, mellitus, diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/26. Pathogenic mechanism, prophylaxis, and therapy of symptomatic acidosis induced by acetazolamide.BACKGROUND: acetazolamide, a noncompetitive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can produce symptomatic acidosis and bone marrow suppression by a mechanism that is still unknown. This presentation occurs in the elderly, patients with renal or liver failure, people with diabetes, and newborns. The objective of this study was to understand the pathogenic mechanism of these adverse effects and to propose a possible prophylaxis and therapy. methods: Four human clinical cases were studied, and one animal experiment was performed. Four preterm newborns with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation developed severe metabolic acidosis after treatment with acetazolamide. The acidosis suddenly disappeared after a packed red blood cell transfusion. Metabolic studies were performed in one patient and in newborn guinea pigs treated with 200 mg/kg acetazolamide. RESULTS: acetazolamide can produce severe lactic acidosis with an increased lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, ketosis with a low beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate ratio, and a urinary organic acid profile typical of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. The acquired enzymatic injury resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase v that provides bicarbonate to pyruvate carboxylase can produce tricarboxylic acid cycle damage. We demonstrate that the dramatic disappearance of metabolic acidosis and normalizing metabolism after blood transfusion were due to the citrate contained in the packed red blood cell bag. This hypothesis was confirmed by animal experimentation. We argue that the metabolic disorder and bone marrow suppression may be related. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate how acetazolamide can lead to symptomatic metabolic acidosis and probably to bone marrow suppression. We suggest citrate as a possible prophylaxis and treatment for these adverse reactions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/26. metformin-associated lactic acidosis after elective cervical spine fusion: a case report.STUDY DESIGN: A case of metformin-associated lactic acidosis after elective spinal surgery is reported. OBJECTIVE: To inform spinal surgeons of this potentially fatal side effect and make them aware that metformin should be stopped 48 hours before surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: metformin is a commonly used oral hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A rare side effect of metformin is lactic acidosis, which has a 50% mortality rate. risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis include renal, hepatic, and cardiac failure. Two cases have been reported in postsurgical patients. No cases of this disorder have been reported after orthopedic procedures. methods: A patient who developed metformin-associated lactic acidosis after cervical spinal fusion is presented. RESULTS: Recognition of the cause and aggressive medical management led to resolution of the lactic acidosis. Subsequent surgery was uneventful when metformin was discontinued more than 48 hours before surgery. CONCLUSION: Spinal surgeons should be aware of this preventable, potentially fatal side effect and stop metformin 48 hours before surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3295383626397keywords = diabetes mellitus, mellitus, diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/26. Lactic acidemia associated with metformin.OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of lactic acidemia associated with the use of metformin in patients with normal renal function. CASE SUMMARY: An 82-year-old African American man and a 76-year-old white man developed an elevated serum lactic acid concentration a few weeks after initiation of metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes. After the patients discontinued metformin, the serum lactic acid concentration normalized in both cases. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was probably related to the use of metformin. DISCUSSION: metformin interferes with the production and elimination of lactic acid by a variety of mechanisms that are not well understood. Few systematic data are available on changes in plasma lactic acid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function. Clinical significance of a high serum lactic acid concentration needs clarification. CONCLUSIONS: metformin therapy can be associated with subclinical elevation of lactic acid concentration in the absence of renal insufficiency or other contraindications to using this agent in patients with type 2 diabetes. Periodic monitoring of basic metabolic panels may prevent this potentially serious complication of metformin therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/26. Biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. Case report and review of the literature.PURPOSE--The biguanides are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Such agents include metformin, phenformin, and buformin. The use of phenformin was discontinued in the united states in 1976 because of probable association with lactic acidosis. However, metformin is currently in common use in many parts of the world. In this report, we describe a patient with severe lactic acidosis secondary to metformin administration, and review the literature relevant to biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. PATIENT--We describe a diabetic man with end-stage renal failure and diabetes mellitus who was hospitalized with life-threatening lactic acidosis (lactate, 10.9 mmol/L). Unbeknownst to the hospital staff, he was being treated with metformin, which had been prescribed in indonesia. RESULTS--Arterial blood gas analysis revealed a pH of 6.76 and a bicarbonate level of 1.6 mmol/L prior to treatment. Following therapy, which included oxygen, volume expansion, other supportive therapy, and hemodialysis, the patient completely recovered and was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS--Lactic acidosis can complicate biguanide therapy in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency. We review the literature relevant to the pathogenesis and therapy of biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. physicians who have completed their training after 1976 may not be familiar with metformin and other biguanides, but with the increasing numbers of immigrants to the united states, physicians should be aware of the potential complications of these medications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.6590767252794keywords = diabetes mellitus, mellitus, diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/26. metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute renal failure in a type 2 diabetic patient.metformin belongs to a class of drugs known as the biguanides that are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its association with lactic acidosis is well established, although rare. metformin-associated lactic acidosis is recognized as a potentially lethal condition that can occur in patients with contraindications to the drug, such as renal dysfunction, liver diseases, alcoholism, and cardiopulmonary diseases. In these cases, the plasma concentration of metformin is not necessarily abnormally high. We describe a 75-year-old diabetic woman with acute renal failure and life-threatening lactic acidosis due to metformin intoxication. Clinical manifestations included vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, hypotension and transitory blindness. Her initial renal function was recovered after hemodialysis and she was discharged 3 months after admission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3295383626397keywords = diabetes mellitus, mellitus, diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/26. metformin induced acute pancreatitis precipitated by renal failure.metformin is a biguanide commonly used in type 2 diabetes and considered to be a safe drug with minimal side effects. Approximately 2% of cases of acute pancreatitis may be caused by drugs, but it is not a known complication of metformin therapy. To date only one case of pancreatitis has been reported in association with metformin, but that was secondary to metformin poisoning (overdose). This is the first reported case of pancreatitis caused by a therapeutic dose of metformin (although in this case renal failure precipitated the metformin toxicity). Severe lactic acidosis is a rare but life threatening complication of metformin, which occurs particularly in patients with renal failure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/26. Experiences of a poison center with metformin-associated lactic acidosis.metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, though it is recognized to be associated with the risk of lactic acidosis. A case of pronounced lactic acidosis with cardiac arrest (pH 6.60, lactate 17.5 mmol/l, base excess - 30, standard bicarbonate 2.5 mmol/l, core body temperature 27.8 degrees C) is presented in a 61-year-old woman under metformin therapy. The key laboratory abnormalities observed during the intensive care treatment including repeated hemodialysis are described. The patient showed a complete recovery with residually reduced mental capabilities. Furthermore, an explorative data analysis of our poison center database from 1995 until 2003 concerning metformin was performed. In 109 inquiries for metformin a lactic acidosis (mean pH 6.87 /- 0.11, mean lactate 20.9 /- 8.1 mmol/l) was present in 14 cases (9 female, 5 male, average age 57.7 years) with 8 patients under regular metformin therapy and 6 patients who ingested large amounts of metformin to attempt suicide. 4 patients did not survive the severe metabolic disturbance. The present report demonstrates that metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a rare but critical complication of metformin therapy of type 2 diabetes as well as in acute suicidal ingestion of metformin. early diagnosis and rapid correction of the metabolic acidosis using hemodialysis provides the possibility of a positive outcome even in severe cases. If metformin-associated lactic acidosis is suspected we recommend early involvement of a poison center.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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