1/60. Infantile HIV encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases.We describe a paediatric case of HIV encephalopathy associated with cerebral and cerebellar telangiectases. Although immunohistochemistry failed to show HIV in the walls of dilated blood vessels, or in their vicinity, brain capillary telangiectases might be an additional complication indirectly related to paediatric HIV infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/60. Unusual presentation and course of hiv-1 progressive encephalopathy.The present report concerns a vertically human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected 7-year-old child, in whom a neurodegenerative disease occurred after an acute neurologic disorder that was in all likelihood symptomatic of hiv-1 encephalitis. At the steady state the neurologic disease fulfilled the accepted criteria of HIV-related progressive encephalopathy of childhood and was characterized by involvement of multiple neural systems and subcortical dementia. The neurologic disease displayed, however, atypical presentation and course, and its acute focal onset led the authors to postulate an acute and direct involvement of the brain in hiv-1 infection. The correlation between the cliniconeuroradiologic data and levels of HIV-rna in the cerebrospinal fluid and the response to different antiretroviral treatments are also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/60. HIV infection and seizures.New-onset seizures are frequent manifestations of central nervous system disorders in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). seizures are more common in advanced stages of the disease, although they may occur early in the course of illness. In the majority of patients, seizures are of the generalised type. status epilepticus is also frequent. Associated metabolic abnormalities increase the risk for status epilepticus. Cerebral mass lesions, cryptococcal meningitis, and HIV-encephalopathy are common causes of seizures. phenytoin is the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant in this situation, although several patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions. The prognosis of seizure disorders in HIV-infected patients depends upon the underlying cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.7194557099113keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/60. Regression of HIV-associated progressive encephalopathy of childhood during HAART.HIV-associated progressive encephalopathy of childhood is characterized by impaired brain growth, decline in cognitive and neurobehavioral performances, and progressive motoric dysfunction The diagnosis is based on neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment and cerebral CT or MR imaging. While the importance of early use of antiretroviral combination therapy has been emphasized, limited data exist as to the effect of protease inhibitors in children with HIV-associated encephalopathy. We describe the effect of 3-drug antiretroviral combination therapy, including the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, in a 7-y-old girl with vertically acquired HIV infection and late onset progressive encephalopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/60. Localization of retrovirus in the central nervous system of a patient co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV with HAM/TSP and HIV-associated dementia.persons co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV are at increased risk for neurologic disease. These patients may develop HAM/TSP and/or HIV-associated dementia. In this study, we localized cells infected with retrovirus in the central nervous system (CNS) of a patient with both HAM/TSP and HIV-associated dementia. HTLV-1 was localized to astrocytes and HIV to macrophage/microglia. There was no co-infection of a single cell phenotype in this patient. These data suggest that mechanisms other than co-infection of the same CNS cell may play a role in the development of neurologic disease in patients dual infected with HTLV-1 and HIV.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 23.597278549556keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/60. acceleration of HIV dementia with methamphetamine and cocaine.We report a patient with rapidly accelerating HIV dementia accompanied by seizures and an unusual movement disorder despite highly potent antiretroviral therapy. This clinical constellation was associated with the non-parenteral use of methamphetamine and cocaine. Fractional enhancement time on post contrast magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a progressive breakdown of the blood brain barrier particularly in the basal ganglia. The movement disorder but not the dementia responded to a combination of dopamine replacement and anticholinergic therapy. While the movement disorder may have been unmasked by concomitant anticonvulsant therapy, we suggest in this instance, that prior drug abuse synergized with HIV to cause a domino effect on cerebral function. Careful attention and analysis to histories of remote non-injecting drug abuse may help substantiate our hypothesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/60. central nervous system adverse effects with efavirenz: case report and review.Efavirenz is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that can be given with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. A 47-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed severe depression and suicidal ideation necessitating psychiatric hospitalization and antidepressant therapy. The symptoms occurred in temporal relation to the introduction of efavirenz into his highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. Similar serious psychiatric adverse effects have been associated with this agent. Clinicians should monitor for central nervous system adverse effects in all patients taking efavirenz.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.8502722865542keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/60. glioblastoma multiforme of the brain stem in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.glioblastoma of the brain stem is rare and there is no description of such a lesion in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The majority of intracerebral mass lesions are due either to toxoplasmosis or primary central nervous system lymphomas so that it is usually not included in the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions of the central nervous system in these patients. A 31-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected man presented with a four months history of slowly progressive deterioration of brainstem associated symptoms despite antitoxoplasmic therapy. magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large ring enhancing lesion in the brainstem. Clinical and neuroradiological data could not establish a proper diagnosis and a stereotactic serial biopsy was undertaken. Histological examination of the specimen showed a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as the first reported case of GBM located in the brainstem in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. Patient management and effectiveness of stereotactic serial biopsy are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 17.438911419823keywords = central nervous system, nervous system, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/60. The clinicopathological spectrum of Rosenthal fibre encephalopathy and Alexander's disease: a case report and review of the literature.Alexander's disease is a leucodystrophy that usually presents in early childhood, but can infrequently arise in adults. It is characterised pathologically by megalencephaly, demyelination, and the presence of numerous Rosenthal fibres. Most cases have been shown to be due to mutations in the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein. In rare instances, numerous Rosenthal fibres have been found at autopsy in patients who have suffered protracted debilitating systemic illnesses, some with associated brain stem signs, and in very rare instances in patients with no apparent neurological abnormality. The term "Rosenthal fibre encephalopathy" is used to distinguish these cases from those of Alexander's disease. We report the first case of Rosenthal fibre encephalopathy in a young man with AIDS, and review the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/60. Relapsing and remitting human immunodeficiency virus-associated leukoencephalomyelopathy.We describe a 33-year-old homosexual man with a steroid-responsive, remitting and relapsing leukoencephalopathy associated with recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroconversion. biopsy of a parieto-occipital lesion revealed demyelination and astrogliosis with focal necrosis. Detailed investigations demonstrated no pathogens in the brain other than hiv-1. This patient illustrates that a neurological disorder clinically indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis may be the presenting manifestation of hiv-1 infection and may occur in the absence of clinically significant immunosuppression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |