What is the connection between malignant neoplasms and crabs?

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The more common term for malignant neoplasms, cancer, is Latin for crab, and the word "carcinogen," meaning a cancer-causing agent, comes from the Greek word for crab, "karkinos." What is the connection between these two seemingly unrelated things?
Cancer, both the disease and the astronomical constellation, derive from the Latin cancer or cancrum, meaning crab. The astrological sign, of course, is said to resemble a crab and the disease was so named by the ancient Greek physician Galen (129-200 A.D.) who noted the similarity between a certain type of tumor with a crab as well—the swollen veins around the tumor resembling the legs of a crab.

Old English adopted cancer directly from Latin and used it for a variety of spreading sores and ulcers. This early sense survives in the modern word canker. From c.1000 in a manuscript called Læce Boc (Leech Book), collected in Oswald Cockayne’s Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England, Vol. II, 1865:

Gemeng wið þam dustum, clæm on ðone cancer.
(Mix with the dust, smear on the cancer.)

And from Wyclif’s 2 Timothy, 1382:

The word of hem crepith as a kankir

The word was being applied specifically to the disease we today call cancer by the beginning of the 17th century. From Philemon Holland’s translation of Pliny’s Historie of the World:

Cancer is a swelling or sore comming of melancholy bloud, about which the veins appeare of a blacke or swert colour, spread in manner of a Creifish clees.

The astronomical sense of cancer is from the Latin name for the constellation of the crab. The name was known to the Anglo-Saxons, but only as a Latin name and was not assimilated into English until the Middle English period. It appears in Ælfric’s De Temporibus Anni, written c.993, in a list of the constellations of the Zodiac:

Feorða • Cancer • þæt is Crabba
(Fourth, Cancer, that is the crab.)

The Anglicized name appears c.1391 in Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe:

In this heved of cancer is the grettist declinacioun northward of the sonne...this signe of cancre is clepid the tropik of Somer.
(At this first point (head) of cancer is the greatest declination northward of the sun…this sign of cancer is named the tropic of summer.)

(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition)  (+ info)

How do you illuminate maxillary sinus to expose the?

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How do you illuminate maxillary sinus to expose the osteotomy borders for a external sinus lift?
SINCE AN ORAL SURGEON WOULD DO THIS SURGICAL PROCEDURE, A VERY STONG SURGICAL LAMP WOULD BE USED.
DON'T WORRY ABOUT THIS, LEAVE IT TO THE DOCTOR.  (+ info)

What teeth are the smallest and weakest in the maxillary arch?

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A. The maxillary central incisors C. The maxillary cuspids
B. The maxillary lateral incisors D. The maxillary first premolars
B. The maxillary lateral incisors.  (+ info)

What is the basis of differing actions of antineoplastic agents on different tissue/neoplasms?

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What is the basis for differing tissue- and neoplasm-specificites of antieoplastic chemotherapeutic agents? This doubt arose because considering what the pharmacokinetics of these drugs are it remains to be answered as to why a certain agent would act only in a particular tissue or neoplasm when the mechanisms they employ are so similar, e.g., various alkylating agents in spite having same action act of different tumors with differing degrees of effectiveness. Hope someone answers the question specifically. Useful links to free-text articles would also be highly appreciated. Bye. TC.
If you have thoughts on this subject, you ought to have the initiative to research it yourself.  (+ info)

Whom should I see for retention cyst in right maxillary antrum?

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My brain MRI says I have "1cm retention cyst at the right maxillary antrum" Should I see a ENT or Neurology? I can hear my heart beep through my right ear. It bothers me especially when I try to go to sleep. I also have headaches once in a while without any thinkable causes. Not sure if it is related to this as well. My hearing is normal. Anyone who heard or experienced this before, please give me a hand. Thanks.
Seems an ENT would best serve your needs, based on the wiki article, the maxillary antrum is a sinus thing.  (+ info)

After a Maxillary Hypoplasia surgery, when can you smoke?

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I had a Maxillary Hypoplasia operation (basically they broke my jawbone and pushed it back) last week. I don't know when I am actually allowed to smoke because technically I am supposed to be on a fluid diet while the tissue in my mouth heals. Will smoking affect the healing process?
definitely yes! smoking will affect the healing process cos it's hot and it contains chemicals that could destroy the healing cells in your mouth

don't smoke until it heals  (+ info)

Are the maxillary first molar teeth's firstly temporary and then become permanent or not?

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Are the maxillary first molar teeth's firstly temporary and then become permanent or not?
  (+ info)

If the upper Maxillary bone is exposed can it cause pain similiar to Sinusitis?

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If so,what should be the line of treatment? Reply requested from the Medical fraternity or a similarly affected person.Only serious answers are requested.
it can to a certain extent.. but you have to realize that it depends on the time that has passed by since the exposure...acute condition cause severe pain usually...if sometime has passed by there are chances of dull pain which may resemble sinusitis...and it also depends on factor 'infection'..if the exposure happened in a completely aseptic condition or due to trauma, extraction..etc
the line of treatment will vary depending on the conditions a few of which i just mentioned...and since u have not given any details i cannot exactly help u on that...but i would really urge u to go to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and get it examined....maybe a surgery is required..
.if say for instance it happened because of an extraction which has created an entrance to ur maxillary sinus and some time has elapsed then it will result in a condition called oroantral fistula which needs to be closed surgically....u have also not mentioned where the exposure has occurred... so pls get it examined before complications set in  (+ info)

What's the process to repair a hole in my Maxillary sinus bone and what's an idea of what it will cost?

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Do they have to do some kind of skin graft?

While extracting some upper teeth my dental surgeon made a large hole there. Now sinus infection is constantly leaking straight into my mouth.

I don't have insurance.
Thanks a lot for the answer grandpa walleye.
The gum tissue is usually pulled over the hole opening into the sinus 9 the oral-antral fistula) and you will be given antibiotics and special instructions to follow. This is considered oral surgery and if you have medical insurance, it will be covered. Ask the oral surgeon agout costs and possible insurance coverage. Good luck.  (+ info)

How long does it take for stitches to dissolve after a Maxillary Frenectomy?

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I had the procedure done on Monday June 8th, and two of the three stitches dissolved. At least I think they did, since they aren't there anymore. I'm just nervous because I've had stitches before but never the dis solvable kind. Is it normal for them to dissolve after just three days? My dentist said a few days but was never specific. Just trying to calm my nerves a little. Any help?
Yeah that's okay, when they fall out they are ready to fall out :)

Unless you have physically ripped them out, you are good to go :)  (+ info)

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