What is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness?

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What is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness? What type of organism is this? Identify the host and vector of this parasite.
The causative agent is a parasite called trypanosoma brucei, these parasite are hosted by African mammals including humans. The tsetse fly is the vector, picking up the parasite when it bites an infected animal or human and transferring the infection upon the next victim.

source: http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/TrypanosomiasisAfrican.htm  (+ info)

What are the 2 strains of african sleeping sickness?

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I need to know what 2 different strains are of the african sleeping sickness?
watch House and find out  (+ info)

what are suicide inhibitors and how does it merge with african sleeping sickness?

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that is the drugs that can be used to treat african sleeping sickness please its a serminar topic (suicide inhibitors and african sleeping sickness) so therefore i need some materials to work with. thanks
Suicide inhibitors:
Penicillin: which inhibits transpeptidase from building bacterial cell walls.
Sulbactam: which prohibits penicillin-resistant strains of bacteria from metabolizing penicillin.
Allopurinol: which inhibits uric acid production by xanthine oxidase in the treatment of gout.
ATZ: (zidovudine) and other chain terminating nucleoside analogues used to inhibt HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Effornithine: one of the drugs used to treat Sleeping Sickness is a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase.
Suicide inhibitors are used in what is called "Rational drug design." this aim is to createa novel substance, based on already knowen mechanisms and substrants.

Sleeping sickness: AKA African Trypanosomiasis is a parasric disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of species.Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse Fly this is an endemic in certain regions. Starts with fevers, joint pains, then enters the blood and lymph nodes along the necks.
Intravenous : Pentamidine introduced 1939, Suramin introduced 1920, Melarsoprol introduced 1940  (+ info)

what do you think about weatherspoons and hungry horse using african cattle meat and calling it british beef?

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Apparently they called it 'steak' and this can cover all sorts of possibilities! I learned in France years ago to be wary of anything just called 'steak' (rather than 'bifstek') - it could turn out to be horse! Stick with 'beef' if you want to be sure.  (+ info)

African Sleeping Sickness. What is the difference between the two strains?

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I am aware that the strain caused by the Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is a chronic illness and is common toWest Africa and that the disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is an acute illness common to East Africa. But is there any difference in teh symptoms?

Are both diseases potentially fatal? I need as much information as possible
Trypanosomiasis is the name of the several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. The disease may also be called trypanosomosis but there is no greater authority for either; both terms are widely used in publication. More than 66 million women, men, and children in 36 countries of sub- Saharan Africa suffer from human African trypanosomiasis. There are two forms of African sleeping sickness, caused by two related parasites:
* Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
* Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
African trypanosomiasis is infection with protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly. Symptoms include characteristic skin lesions, intermittent fever, headache, rigors, transient edema, generalized lymphadenopathy, and often-fatal meningoencephalitis. Diagnosis is by identifying the organism in blood, lymph node aspirate, or CSF, or sometimes serologic tests. Treatment is with suramin, pentamidine, melarsoprol, or eflornithine, depending on the subspecies and clinical stage.(Merck)
Clinical features of Sleeping sickness:
Symptoms and Signs

A papule may develop at the site of the tsetse fly bite within a few days to 2 wk. It evolves into a dusky red, painful, indurated nodule (trypanosomal chancre). A chancre is seen in about half of Caucasians with T.b. rhodesiense but is seldom evident in Africans with T.b. gambiense. Over several months in T.b. gambiense infection, but a period of weeks with T.b. rhodesiense, intermittent fever, headaches, rigors, and transient swellings occur. An evanescent, circinate erythematous rash may develop. It is most readily visible in light-skinned patients. Generalized lymphadenopathy often occurs. Winterbottom's sign (enlarged lymph nodes in the posterior cervical triangle) is characteristic with T.b. gambiense sleeping sickness.

In the Gambian form, CNS involvement occurs months to several years after onset of acute disease. In the Rhodesian form, disease is more fulminant, and CNS invasion occurs within a few weeks to several months. CNS involvement causes persistent headache, inability to concentrate, personality changes (eg, progressive lassitude and indifference), daytime somnolence, hyperphagia, tremor, ataxia, and terminal coma. If untreated, death usually occurs within months of disease onset with T.b. rhodesiense and during the 2nd or 3rd yr with T.b. gambiense. Untreated patients die in coma from malnutrition or secondary infections.(Merck)
Symptoms begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains. As the parasites enter through both the blood and lymph systems, lymph nodes often swell up to tremendous sizes. Winterbottom's sign, the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear. If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney diseases and disorders. The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier. The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime insomnia. Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.
In addition to the bite of the tsetse fly, the disease is contractible in the following ways:
* Mother to child infection: the trypanosome can cross the placenta and infect the fetus, causing perinatal death.
* Laboratories: accidental infections, for example, through the handling of blood of an infected person and organ transplantation, although this is uncommon.
* Blood transfusion
(Wikipedia)
Chagas' disease is infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by Triatominae bug bites. Symptoms begin with a skin lesion or unilateral periorbital edema; progress to fever, malaise, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly; in some, chronic cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, or megacolon occurs. Diagnosis is by detecting trypanosomes in peripheral blood or aspirates from infected organs. PCR, serologic tests, and xenodiagnosis may be helpful. Treatment is with nifurtimox or benznidazole.
Clinical manifestations of Chagas disease:
This child from Panama is suffering from Chagas' disease manifested as an acute infection with swelling of the right eye (Romaña's sign).
The human disease occurs in two stages: the acute stage shortly after the infection, and the chronic stage that may develop over 10 years.
In the acute phase, a local skin nodule called a chagoma can appear at the site of inoculation. When the inoculation site is the conjunctival mucous membranes, the patient may develop unilateral periorbital edema, conjunctivitis, and preauricular lymphadenitis. This constellation of symptoms is referred to as Romaña's sign. The acute phase is usually asymptomatic, but may present symptoms of fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, mild hepatosplenomegaly, and myocarditis. Some acute cases (10 to 20%) resolve over a period of 2 to 3 months into an asymptomatic chronic stage, only to reappear after several years.
The symptomatic chronic stage may not occur for years or even decades after initial infection. The disease affects the nervous system, digestive system and heart. Chronic infections result in various neurological disorders, including dementia, damage to the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy, the most serious manifestation), and sometimes dilation of the digestive tract (megacolon and megaesophagus), as well as weight loss. Swallowing difficulties may be the first symptom of digestive disturbances and may lead to malnutrition. After several years of an asymptomatic period, 27% of those infected develop cardiac damage, 6% develop digestive damage, and 3% present peripheral nervous involvement. Left untreated, Chagas' disease can be fatal, in most cases due to the cardiomyopathy component.  (+ info)

african sleeping sickness - the cultureal effects?

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I have found all the details otherwise, i just can not find good strong cultrual effects. Does anybody know?
This one has really great information on it about the effect of the cattle trading industry...hope it helps!

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol10no4/pdfs/02-0626.pdf  (+ info)

When was African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma) first discovered?

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Could you also give me info/links on it? Other info I need: What type of organism(s) does it infect? What type of CELLS does it infect? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? How are the bacteria killed? (How is the disease stopped?) Is this disease a threat to humans? Why or why not?


THANKS!!!
Thats a lot of info you asked for- check the following sites: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trypanosomiasis/
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/  (+ info)

Complete Blood Count (CBC) in relation to African Sleeping Sickness?

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Can anyone tell me whether certain test results would come back significantly higher or lower in a person with African Sleeping Sickness?
The answer bmac posted is not at all what I was searching for, I suggest he gets some help.
African Sleeping Sickness? Ok....?

Here is all the information about all forms of African Sleeping Sickness. It depends on what part of Africa you were in as to which form you would have.

http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=aftrypano.htm  (+ info)

how would i describe the diseases : african sleeping sickness, and amebic dysentery (wnat are the two parasite?

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African sleeping sickness is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or rhodesiense depending on the location in Africa. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly. It initially is bloodborne but progresses to the CNS.

Amoebic dysentary is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, which of course is a protozoan amoeba. You usually get this from contaminated water/food washed with contaminated water.  (+ info)

Does horse shampoo actually get my hair to become longer?

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Im seventeen yrs old, i wash my hair twice a week (if even) to keep natural oils, im miixed. (brazilian- african american) and i was wondering if horse shampoo is supposed to make hair longer. naturally my hair is thin... but all it seems to be doing is making my hair thicker instead of longer. i trim the edges and dont take vitamins at the moment, cept for fish oil.
  (+ info)

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