1/3. williams syndrome and happiness.williams syndrome is a genetic disorder resulting in a variety of medical and developmental features, one of which is a frequent outward presentation of substantial happiness. In this paper we describe the unique expression of happiness in people with williams syndrome, with several anecdotes and a frame by frame conversational analysis. We then discuss this happiness in the context of other dimensions of the impact of williams syndrome, especially anxiety. We conclude with a discussion of the role of genetics in emotions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/3. Visual information process in williams syndrome: intact motion detection accompanied by typical visuospatial dysfunctions.It has been suggested that visuospatial cognitive disabilities seen in children with williams syndrome (WMS) are related to a dysfunction of the dorsal stream in the visual information analysis system. We investigated whether visual motion detection is also impaired in WMS because it is one of the main functions of the dorsal stream. Using various psychophysical examinations and magnetoencephalography, we studied a child with WMS who had the typical features of the syndrome. We found profound impairments in the visuospatial cognitions, as previously reported in WMS. In contrast, he had normal ability for the direction discrimination of coherent motion on a background of randomly moving dots, and he perceived apparent motion as do normal children. Furthermore, the latencies of both responses to the coherent and incoherent motions as measured by magnetoencephalography were within the mean /- 2 SD among normal adults and the estimated origins were near the human homologue of V5/MT (visual area 5/middle temporal area). The results indicate that the visuospatial cognitive deficits in WMS can occur without impairment of the visual motion detection. We consider that the deficits are caused by a restricted dysfunction of the neural groups for position and three-dimensional form perceptions in the dorsal stream of the visual system, though other possibilities are not excluded.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/3. perioperative care of the patient with williams syndrome.williams syndrome, initially described by Williams, Barratt-Boyes, and Lowe in 1961, consists of characteristic dysmorphic features, congenital heart disease, and distinctive behavioral and emotional traits. In addition to acquired and congenital heart disease, manifestations in the renal, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system may have implications during the perioperative period. Congenital and acquired heart disease can be a significant issue as sudden death, related to abnormalities of the coronary arteries, has been reported perioperatively in these patients. The authors present a 7-month-old infant, previously diagnosed with williams syndrome, who required anesthetic care for repair of subaortic and supravalvular aortic stenosis. The potential perioperative implications of williams syndrome are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = motion (Clic here for more details about this article) |