1/84. The west nile virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the flushing Hospital experience.west nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, which has been known to cause human infection in africa, the middle east, and southwestern asia. It has also been isolated in australia and sporadically in europe but never in the americas. Clinical features include acute fever, severe myalgias, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and a roseolar rash. Rarely is encephalitis or meningitis seen. During the month of August 1999, a cluster of 5 patients with fever, confusion, and weakness were admitted to the intensive care unit of the same hospital in new york city. Ultimately 4 of the 5 developed flaccid paralysis and required ventilatory support. Three patients with less-severe cases presented shortly thereafter. With the assistance of the new york city and New York State health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, these were documented as the first cases of WNV infection on this continent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/84. The pathology of human west nile virus infection.west nile virus (WNV) was identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the etiologic agent in 4 encephalitis fatalities in new york city in the late summer of 1999. The fatalities occurred in persons with a mean age of 81.5 years, each of whom had underlying medical problems. Cardinal clinical manifestations included fever and profound muscle weakness. autopsy disclosed encephalitis in 2 instances and meningoencephalitis in the remaining 2. The inflammation was mostly mononuclear and formed microglial nodules and perivascular clusters in the white and gray matter. The brainstem, particularly the medulla, was involved most extensively. In 2 brains, cranial nerve roots had endoneural mononuclear inflammation. In addition, 1 person had acute pancreatitis. Based on our experience, we offer recommendations for the autopsy evaluation of suspected WNV fatalities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/84. guillain-barre syndrome: An unusual presentation of west nile virus infection.west nile fever is a mosquito-borne febrile illness seen in africa, asia, and europe, but reported in north america only once. The recent outbreak in New York City represents the first time this virus has been detected in north america. west nile virus usually causes mild symptoms, though rarely it can cause neurologic diseases, with a fatal outcome or permanent neurologic sequelae. We describe an elderly patient with west nile virus infection who presented with guillain-barre syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/84. Update: west nile virus activity--Northeastern united states, January-August 7, 2000.Surveillance programs initiated in response to the 1999 west nile virus (WNV) outbreak have detected increased transmission in the northeastern united states (1). Seventeen states along the Atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city (NYC), and washington, D.C., have conducted WNV surveillance and are reporting to CDC (1). Surveillance for WNV infection includes monitoring of mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e.g., horses and humans) (2). This report summarizes findings of this surveillance system through August 7, 2000.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/84. Arbovirus studies in two towns in western state of nigeria.Three hundred and fifty-one persons were tested for HI antibody to arbovirus Groups A, B and Ingwavuma viruses in Ilesha and Oshogbo, two towns in western nigeria. Chikungunya accouted for most Group A infections (39%). antibodies to Group B virus were distributed as follows: dengue 22%, yellow fever 25%, West Nile 28% and Wesselsbron 30%. Few sera 5% were positive to Ingwavuma. No virus was isolated from 188 blood specimens processed for virus isolation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/84. west nile virus Myelitis.STUDY DESIGN: A case report. SETTING: Department of rehabilitation medicine, Reuth Medical Center, Tel Aviv, israel. METHOD: Summary of the clinical course during in-patient and out-patient treatment of a patient with west nile virus Myelitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A healthy young woman, whose medical history revealed only a benign Duane syndrome and a few months' duration of bipolar disorder, contracted encephalo-myelitis due to a west nile virus infection. Although she recovered remarkably after long-term rehabilitation treatments, some weakness and pain remained.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/84. west nile fever in israel 1999-2000: from geese to humans.west nile virus (WNV) caused disease outbreaks in israel in the 1950s and the late 1970s. In 1998 an outbreak of WNV in goose farms and evidence of infection in dead migratory birds were reported. Consequently, human diagnostic services for WNV were resumed, including virus isolation, serology, and RT-PCR. risk factors for infection were assessed by a serological survey in 1999, which revealed a seroprevalence of (a) 86% in people who had close contact with sick geese, (b) 28% in people in areas along bird migration routes, and (c) 27% in the general population. Following two fatal cases in Tel Aviv in September 1999 and one encephalitis case in the southern Eilot region, a regional serological survey was initiated there. The survey revealed two more WNV-associated acute encephalitis cases, an IgG seroprevalence of 51%, and an IgM seroprevalence of 22%. In the summer of 2000, acute cases of WN disease were identified in the central and northern parts of israel, involving 439 people. The outbreak started in mid-August, peaked in September, and declined in October, with 29 fatal cases, primarily in the elderly. During the outbreak, diagnosis was based on IgM detection. Four virus isolates were subsequently obtained from preseroconverted frozen sera. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 1662 bases covering the PreM, M, and part of the E genes revealed two lineages. One lineage was closely related to a 1999 Israeli bird (gull) isolate and to a 1999 New York bird (flamingo) isolate, and the other lineage was closely related to a 1997 Romanian mosquito isolate and to a 1999 Russian human brain isolate.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/84. Emerging viral infections in australia.hendra virus infection should be suspected in someone with close association with horses or bats who presents acutely with pneumonia or encephalitis (potentially after a prolonged incubation period). Australian bat lyssavirus infection should be suspected in a patient with a progressive neurological illness and a history of exposure to a bat. rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin should be strongly considered after a bite, scratch or mucous membrane exposure to a bat. Japanese encephalitis vaccine should be considered for people intending to reside in or visit endemic areas of southern or eastern asia for more than 30 days.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/84. Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with west nile virus infection--mississippi and louisiana, July-August 2002.west nile virus (WNV) infection can cause severe, potentially fatal neurologic illnesses including encephalitis and meningitis. Acute WNV infection also has been associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) attributed to a peripheral demyelinating process (guillain-barre syndrome [GBS]), or to an anterior myelitis. However, the exact etiology of AFP has not been assessed thoroughly with electrophysiologic, laboratory, and neuroimaging data. This report describes six cases of WNV-associated AFP in which clinical and electrophysiologic findings suggest a pathologic process involving anterior horn cells and motor axons similar to that seen in acute poliomyelitis. Clinicians should evaluate patients with AFP for evidence of WNV infection and conduct tests to differentiate GBS from other causes of AFP.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/84. Update: Investigations of west nile virus infections in recipients of organ transplantation and blood transfusion.An investigation involving CDC, the food and Drug Administration (FDA), the health resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the georgia Division of public health, and the florida Department of Health identified west nile virus (WNV)-associated illnesses in four recipients of organs from the same donor. Although the transplanted organs were the source of infection for the four organ recipients, the source of the organ donor's infection remains unknown; an investigation of the numerous transfusions received by the organ donor is ongoing.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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